Tag: tracery light

Two of the tracery lights of one particular of the home windows of the north aisle.

St Mary’s at Fairford is justly famed, not only as a most gorgeous creating architecturally but for the survival of its total set of late medieval stained glass windows, a special survival in an English parish church. No other church has resisted the waves of iconoclasm unleashed by the Reformation and the English Civil War like Fairford has, and as a consequence we can expertise a pre-Reformation iconographic plan in glass in its entirety. At most church buildings a person is lucky to find mere fragments of the first glazing and even one particular finish window is an excellent survival, therefore a complete set of 28 of them here in a more or considerably less intact point out would make Fairford church uniquely important.

The exterior already promises terrific points, this is a handsome late 15th century making totally rebuilt in Perpendicular design and style and focused in 1497. The benefactor was lord of the manor John Tame, a rich wool service provider whose son Edmund afterwards ongoing the family’s legacy in donating the glass. The central tower is adorned with a great deal carving such as bizarre figures guarding the corners and a instead archaic seeking relief of Christ on the western facet. The nave is topped by a fine clerestorey whilst the aisles below kind a gallery of substantial home windows that seem to embrace the complete developing without having structural interruption aside from the south porch and the chancel projecting at the east conclude. All around are pinnacles, battlements and gargoyles, the result is incredibly prosperous and imposing for a village church.

One particular enters as a result of the admirer-vaulted porch and is in the beginning satisfied by subdued lighting inside of that will take a instant to change to but can promptly recognize the exquisite arcades and the rich glowing colours of the windows. The interior is roomy but the check out east is interrupted by the tower whose panelled walls and arches body only a glimpse of the chancel further than. The glass was inserted amongst 1500-1517 and reveals marked Renaissance affect, staying the get the job done of Flemish glaziers (based in Southwark) underneath the path of the King’s glazier Barnard Flower. The high quality is consequently of the maximum out there and implies the Tame family members experienced connections at courtroom to secure this sort of glaziers.

Getting into the nave one particular is right away confronted with the greatest and most famed window in the church, the west window with its superb Final Judgement, greatest regarded for its lurid depiction of the horrors of Hell with unique demons dragging the damned to their doom. Regrettably the a few home windows in the west wall endured major storm harm in 1703 and the Final Judgement experienced additional all through an 1860 restoration that copied fairly than restored the glass in its upper fifty percent. The nave clerestories consist of an intriguing plan further emphasising the fight of Great versus Evil with a gallery of saintly figures on the south side well balanced by a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of persecutors of the faith on the darker north aspect, above which are fantastic demonic figures leering from the traceries.

The aisle home windows kind even more arrays of figures in canopies with the Evangelists and prophets on the north facet and the Apostles and Physicians of the Church on the south. The extra narrative windows are largely positioned in the jap half of the church, beginning in the north chapel with an Old Testament themed window followed by far more on the daily life of Mary and infancy of Christ. The topic matter is normally confined to a person light-weight or a pair of them, so multiple scenes can be portrayed inside of a single window. The scheme carries on in the east window of the chancel with its scenes of the Enthusiasm of Christ in the reduced register culminating in his crucifixion above, while a more compact window to the south displays his entombment and the harrowing of Hell. The cycle continues in the south chapel exactly where the east window exhibits scenes of Christ’s resurrection and transfiguration even though two further more home windows relate further more incidents culminating in Pentecost. The closing window in the sequence nonetheless is of study course the Final Judgement at the west conclusion.

The glass has been greatly valued and safeguarded more than the generations from the ravages of background, staying eliminated for protection in the course of the Civil War and Globe War II. The windows underwent a entire conservation involving 1988-2010 by the Barley Studio of York which bravely restored legibility to the windows by delicate releading and recreating missing pieces with new operate (previously these experienced been crammed with basic glass which drew the eye and disturbed the harmony of gentle). The most spectacular intervention was the re-ordering of the westernmost home windows of the nave aisles which experienced been partially crammed with jumbled fragments subsequent the storm injury of 1703 but have now been returned to some thing closer to their authentic condition.

It is essential right here not to neglect the church’s other attributes because the glass dominates its status so significantly. The chancel also retains its original late medieval woodwork with a high-quality set of sensitive screens dividing it from the chapels either aspect together with a charming set of stalls with carved misericords. The tomb of the founder John Tame and his spouse can be noticed on the north aspect of the sanctuary with their brasses atop a tomb chest. Throughout the church a wonderful sequence of carved angel corbels supports the outdated oak roofs.

Fairford church is a national treasure and shouldn’t be missed by anyone with a appreciate of stained glass and medieval art. It is normally stored open for people and deserves additional of them.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Fairford

Posted by Aidan McRae Thomson on 2021-04-19 20:22:33

Tagged: , Fairford , church , Gloucestershire , stained glass , window , medieval , tracery , tracery light

#home furniture #Do-it-yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wooden craft, wood planer, good woodworking, wood chairs, wood functioning instruments, well-liked woodworking, woodworking publications, woodworking workbench ideas

Two of the tracery lights of just one of the home windows of the north aisle.

St Mary’s at Fairford is justly well-known, not only as a most gorgeous creating architecturally but for the survival of its entire established of late medieval stained glass windows, a unique survival in an English parish church. No other church has resisted the waves of iconoclasm unleashed by the Reformation and the English Civil War like Fairford has, and as a result we can expertise a pre-Reformation iconographic plan in glass in its entirety. At most churches 1 is lucky to find mere fragments of the primary glazing and even a person entire window is an excellent survival, consequently a full set of 28 of them in this article in a a lot more or significantly less intact condition makes Fairford church uniquely important.

The exterior currently guarantees great factors, this is a handsome late 15th century setting up entirely rebuilt in Perpendicular type and focused in 1497. The benefactor was lord of the manor John Tame, a wealthy wool service provider whose son Edmund afterwards continued the family’s legacy in donating the glass. The central tower is adorned with considerably carving which includes unusual figures guarding the corners and a instead archaic seeking reduction of Christ on the western side. The nave is crowned by a wonderful clerestorey while the aisles underneath kind a gallery of big windows that appear to be to embrace the total building with out structural interruption apart from the south porch and the chancel projecting at the east conclusion. All about are pinnacles, battlements and gargoyles, the result is quite prosperous and imposing for a village church.

Just one enters via the fan-vaulted porch and is initially met by subdued lighting inside that normally takes a instant to alter to but can instantly recognize the exquisite arcades and the rich glowing colours of the home windows. The inside is roomy but the perspective east is interrupted by the tower whose panelled partitions and arches frame only a glimpse of the chancel beyond. The glass was inserted amongst 1500-1517 and reveals marked Renaissance affect, becoming the work of Flemish glaziers (dependent in Southwark) underneath the path of the King’s glazier Barnard Flower. The top quality is so of the highest out there and implies the Tame household experienced connections at courtroom to secure this kind of glaziers.

Entering the nave a person is instantly confronted with the most significant and most renowned window in the church, the west window with its superb Very last Judgement, ideal regarded for its lurid depiction of the horrors of Hell with exotic demons dragging the damned to their doom. Regrettably the a few windows in the west wall suffered severe storm problems in 1703 and the Previous Judgement suffered more during an 1860 restoration that copied fairly than restored the glass in its higher 50 percent. The nave clerestories consist of an intriguing scheme further emphasising the battle of Excellent as opposed to Evil with a gallery of saintly figures on the south side well balanced by a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of persecutors of the faith on the darker north aspect, higher than which are wonderful demonic figures leering from the traceries.

The aisle windows variety even more arrays of figures in canopies with the Evangelists and prophets on the north side and the Apostles and Medical doctors of the Church on the south. The additional narrative windows are mostly situated in the eastern 50 % of the church, setting up in the north chapel with an Outdated Testament themed window adopted by extra on the lifetime of Mary and infancy of Christ. The matter make any difference is generally confined to a person mild or a pair of them, so many scenes can be portrayed in a one window. The plan proceeds in the east window of the chancel with its scenes of the Passion of Christ in the decrease sign-up culminating in his crucifixion previously mentioned, whilst a smaller sized window to the south exhibits his entombment and the harrowing of Hell. The cycle proceeds in the south chapel where by the east window exhibits scenes of Christ’s resurrection and transfiguration even though two even more home windows relate even more incidents culminating in Pentecost. The final window in the sequence nevertheless is of class the Last Judgement at the west end.

The glass has been significantly valued and guarded more than the centuries from the ravages of background, getting eradicated for defense all through the Civil War and World War II. The windows underwent a entire conservation amongst 1988-2010 by the Barley Studio of York which bravely restored legibility to the windows by sensitive releading and recreating missing pieces with new do the job (formerly these had been filled with simple glass which drew the eye and disturbed the harmony of gentle). The most extraordinary intervention was the re-purchasing of the westernmost windows of the nave aisles which experienced been partly crammed with jumbled fragments subsequent the storm problems of 1703 but have now been returned to some thing nearer to their primary condition.

It is important here not to neglect the church’s other characteristics considering the fact that the glass dominates its track record so considerably. The chancel also retains its unique late medieval woodwork with a fantastic set of delicate screens dividing it from the chapels both aspect along with a lovely established of stalls with carved misericords. The tomb of the founder John Tame and his spouse can be viewed on the north aspect of the sanctuary with their brasses atop a tomb upper body. In the course of the church a fantastic sequence of carved angel corbels supports the old oak roofs.

Fairford church is a national treasure and should not be missed by any one with a love of stained glass and medieval artwork. It is commonly saved open for site visitors and deserves far more of them.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Fairford

Posted by Aidan McRae Thomson on 2021-04-19 20:22:34

Tagged: , Fairford , church , Gloucestershire , stained glass , window , medieval , tracery , tracery light-weight

#home furniture #Do it yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wooden craft, wood planer, fantastic woodworking, wood chairs, wood functioning tools, well-liked woodworking, woodworking textbooks, woodworking workbench programs

Two of the tracery lights of just one of the windows of the north aisle.

St Mary’s at Fairford is justly well-known, not only as a most beautiful constructing architecturally but for the survival of its total set of late medieval stained glass home windows, a exceptional survival in an English parish church. No other church has resisted the waves of iconoclasm unleashed by the Reformation and the English Civil War like Fairford has, and as a final result we can encounter a pre-Reformation iconographic plan in glass in its entirety. At most churches just one is blessed to uncover mere fragments of the unique glazing and even a single complete window is an extraordinary survival, as a result a whole established of 28 of them in this article in a extra or considerably less intact condition can make Fairford church uniquely important.

The exterior previously promises great things, this is a handsome late 15th century setting up totally rebuilt in Perpendicular type and dedicated in 1497. The benefactor was lord of the manor John Tame, a rich wool service provider whose son Edmund later on continued the family’s legacy in donating the glass. The central tower is adorned with much carving such as peculiar figures guarding the corners and a alternatively archaic on the lookout relief of Christ on the western side. The nave is topped by a high-quality clerestorey although the aisles underneath sort a gallery of substantial windows that appear to be to embrace the complete making without having structural interruption aside from the south porch and the chancel projecting at the east finish. All about are pinnacles, battlements and gargoyles, the influence is very abundant and imposing for a village church.

Just one enters by the admirer-vaulted porch and is to begin with satisfied by subdued lighting in just that requires a instant to regulate to but can straight away recognize the stylish arcades and the abundant glowing colors of the windows. The interior is spacious but the see east is interrupted by the tower whose panelled partitions and arches frame only a glimpse of the chancel outside of. The glass was inserted between 1500-1517 and shows marked Renaissance impact, currently being the function of Flemish glaziers (dependent in Southwark) underneath the way of the King’s glazier Barnard Flower. The top quality is thus of the greatest readily available and suggests the Tame relatives had connections at courtroom to secure these glaziers.

Coming into the nave 1 is instantly confronted with the largest and most well-known window in the church, the west window with its superb Very last Judgement, most effective identified for its lurid depiction of the horrors of Hell with unique demons dragging the damned to their doom. Unfortunately the 3 home windows in the west wall endured really serious storm problems in 1703 and the Last Judgement experienced even further in the course of an 1860 restoration that copied relatively than restored the glass in its upper 50 %. The nave clerestories incorporate an intriguing scheme further more emphasising the fight of Good vs . Evil with a gallery of saintly figures on the south facet balanced by a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of persecutors of the faith on the darker north side, higher than which are fabulous demonic figures leering from the traceries.

The aisle home windows type further more arrays of figures in canopies with the Evangelists and prophets on the north aspect and the Apostles and Medical doctors of the Church on the south. The much more narrative home windows are predominantly located in the japanese 50 % of the church, setting up in the north chapel with an Aged Testomony themed window followed by a lot more on the everyday living of Mary and infancy of Christ. The topic subject is typically confined to a person gentle or a pair of them, so various scenes can be portrayed inside of a single window. The scheme continues in the east window of the chancel with its scenes of the Enthusiasm of Christ in the reduce sign-up culminating in his crucifixion over, even though a smaller sized window to the south demonstrates his entombment and the harrowing of Hell. The cycle continues in the south chapel exactly where the east window shows scenes of Christ’s resurrection and transfiguration although two more windows relate additional incidents culminating in Pentecost. The final window in the sequence however is of study course the Final Judgement at the west end.

The glass has been tremendously valued and secured about the hundreds of years from the ravages of historical past, remaining removed for safety all through the Civil War and World War II. The windows underwent a finish conservation among 1988-2010 by the Barley Studio of York which bravely restored legibility to the windows by sensitive releading and recreating lacking items with new function (previously these had been stuffed with simple glass which drew the eye and disturbed the harmony of light). The most extraordinary intervention was the re-ordering of the westernmost home windows of the nave aisles which had been partially stuffed with jumbled fragments subsequent the storm problems of 1703 but have now been returned to anything closer to their first state.

It is important listed here not to neglect the church’s other options considering the fact that the glass dominates its standing so a lot. The chancel also retains its first late medieval woodwork with a great established of delicate screens dividing it from the chapels either facet together with a lovely set of stalls with carved misericords. The tomb of the founder John Tame and his spouse can be found on the north aspect of the sanctuary with their brasses atop a tomb upper body. During the church a high-quality sequence of carved angel corbels supports the previous oak roofs.

Fairford church is a national treasure and should not be skipped by everyone with a like of stained glass and medieval artwork. It is typically stored open up for website visitors and warrants extra of them.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Fairford

Posted by Aidan McRae Thomson on 2021-04-19 20:22:33

Tagged: , Fairford , church , Gloucestershire , stained glass , window , medieval , tracery , tracery light-weight

#household furniture #Diy #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wooden planer, wonderful woodworking, wood chairs, wooden functioning tools, preferred woodworking, woodworking books, woodworking workbench plans

Two of the tracery lights of one particular of the home windows of the north aisle.

St Mary’s at Fairford is justly famed, not only as a most lovely constructing architecturally but for the survival of its full set of late medieval stained glass windows, a exclusive survival in an English parish church. No other church has resisted the waves of iconoclasm unleashed by the Reformation and the English Civil War like Fairford has, and as a result we can practical experience a pre-Reformation iconographic scheme in glass in its entirety. At most churches a person is blessed to obtain mere fragments of the original glazing and even a person total window is an fantastic survival, hence a total established of 28 of them below in a additional or much less intact state makes Fairford church uniquely precious.

The exterior already promises good matters, this is a handsome late 15th century creating totally rebuilt in Perpendicular style and devoted in 1497. The benefactor was lord of the manor John Tame, a rich wool merchant whose son Edmund afterwards continued the family’s legacy in donating the glass. The central tower is adorned with a lot carving together with unusual figures guarding the corners and a relatively archaic wanting relief of Christ on the western aspect. The nave is topped by a wonderful clerestorey even though the aisles down below kind a gallery of big home windows that look to embrace the whole building without the need of structural interruption aside from the south porch and the chancel projecting at the east stop. All all around are pinnacles, battlements and gargoyles, the effect is incredibly prosperous and imposing for a village church.

1 enters through the lover-vaulted porch and is in the beginning satisfied by subdued lights inside that requires a moment to adjust to but can immediately take pleasure in the stylish arcades and the rich glowing colours of the home windows. The inside is roomy but the watch east is interrupted by the tower whose panelled walls and arches frame only a glimpse of the chancel past. The glass was inserted between 1500-1517 and demonstrates marked Renaissance affect, staying the work of Flemish glaziers (dependent in Southwark) below the route of the King’s glazier Barnard Flower. The excellent is so of the maximum accessible and indicates the Tame family experienced connections at courtroom to protected these glaziers.

Coming into the nave one is instantly confronted with the most significant and most famed window in the church, the west window with its wonderful Very last Judgement, very best acknowledged for its lurid depiction of the horrors of Hell with exotic demons dragging the damned to their doom. Regrettably the 3 home windows in the west wall endured severe storm destruction in 1703 and the Very last Judgement endured more through an 1860 restoration that copied instead than restored the glass in its higher half. The nave clerestories contain an intriguing scheme even further emphasising the struggle of Excellent vs . Evil with a gallery of saintly figures on the south side well balanced by a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of persecutors of the faith on the darker north side, earlier mentioned which are wonderful demonic figures leering from the traceries.

The aisle home windows variety further arrays of figures in canopies with the Evangelists and prophets on the north facet and the Apostles and Physicians of the Church on the south. The much more narrative windows are predominantly located in the eastern half of the church, starting in the north chapel with an Old Testament themed window adopted by additional on the existence of Mary and infancy of Christ. The subject matter is ordinarily confined to one gentle or a pair of them, so various scenes can be portrayed inside of a one window. The scheme continues in the east window of the chancel with its scenes of the Enthusiasm of Christ in the reduce sign up culminating in his crucifixion earlier mentioned, though a more compact window to the south reveals his entombment and the harrowing of Hell. The cycle proceeds in the south chapel where by the east window reveals scenes of Christ’s resurrection and transfiguration whilst two even further windows relate more incidents culminating in Pentecost. The last window in the sequence however is of study course the Very last Judgement at the west conclude.

The glass has been considerably valued and shielded above the centuries from the ravages of history, getting taken off for defense through the Civil War and World War II. The windows underwent a finish conservation among 1988-2010 by the Barley Studio of York which bravely restored legibility to the home windows by sensitive releading and recreating lacking items with new function (previously these experienced been stuffed with simple glass which drew the eye and disturbed the balance of gentle). The most extraordinary intervention was the re-buying of the westernmost windows of the nave aisles which experienced been partly crammed with jumbled fragments subsequent the storm damage of 1703 but have now been returned to anything closer to their first state.

It is vital listed here not to neglect the church’s other characteristics considering the fact that the glass dominates its standing so significantly. The chancel also retains its primary late medieval woodwork with a wonderful set of fragile screens dividing it from the chapels both aspect alongside with a charming set of stalls with carved misericords. The tomb of the founder John Tame and his wife can be witnessed on the north aspect of the sanctuary with their brasses atop a tomb chest. During the church a good collection of carved angel corbels supports the old oak roofs.

Fairford church is a nationwide treasure and shouldn’t be skipped by any person with a really like of stained glass and medieval art. It is generally saved open for people and warrants a lot more of them.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Fairford

Posted by Aidan McRae Thomson on 2021-04-19 20:22:35

Tagged: , Fairford , church , Gloucestershire , stained glass , window , medieval , tracery , tracery light

#household furniture #Diy #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wooden craft, wooden planer, fantastic woodworking, wood chairs, wooden working equipment, preferred woodworking, woodworking publications, woodworking workbench programs

Two of the tracery lights of 1 of the windows of the north aisle.

St Mary’s at Fairford is justly well-known, not only as a most gorgeous developing architecturally but for the survival of its comprehensive set of late medieval stained glass windows, a distinctive survival in an English parish church. No other church has resisted the waves of iconoclasm unleashed by the Reformation and the English Civil War like Fairford has, and as a consequence we can working experience a pre-Reformation iconographic scheme in glass in its entirety. At most churches one particular is blessed to uncover mere fragments of the primary glazing and even one complete window is an extraordinary survival, thus a total set of 28 of them right here in a extra or considerably less intact point out tends to make Fairford church uniquely valuable.

The exterior presently guarantees good points, this is a handsome late 15th century building fully rebuilt in Perpendicular design and style and focused in 1497. The benefactor was lord of the manor John Tame, a rich wool merchant whose son Edmund later on ongoing the family’s legacy in donating the glass. The central tower is adorned with significantly carving including unusual figures guarding the corners and a somewhat archaic wanting aid of Christ on the western aspect. The nave is topped by a great clerestorey even though the aisles down below variety a gallery of huge home windows that seem to be to embrace the full creating with out structural interruption aside from the south porch and the chancel projecting at the east finish. All all over are pinnacles, battlements and gargoyles, the outcome is incredibly loaded and imposing for a village church.

Just one enters through the admirer-vaulted porch and is in the beginning achieved by subdued lighting inside of that usually takes a minute to adjust to but can promptly respect the stylish arcades and the abundant glowing colours of the windows. The interior is roomy but the check out east is interrupted by the tower whose panelled partitions and arches body only a glimpse of the chancel over and above. The glass was inserted among 1500-1517 and exhibits marked Renaissance affect, staying the operate of Flemish glaziers (based in Southwark) underneath the way of the King’s glazier Barnard Flower. The top quality is so of the best obtainable and indicates the Tame relatives experienced connections at court to safe this sort of glaziers.

Entering the nave one is instantly confronted with the greatest and most renowned window in the church, the west window with its superb Last Judgement, ideal recognised for its lurid depiction of the horrors of Hell with unique demons dragging the damned to their doom. Sadly the three windows in the west wall suffered really serious storm problems in 1703 and the Final Judgement suffered even more for the duration of an 1860 restoration that copied instead than restored the glass in its upper fifty percent. The nave clerestories consist of an intriguing plan more emphasising the fight of Fantastic as opposed to Evil with a gallery of saintly figures on the south side balanced by a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of persecutors of the faith on the darker north facet, above which are incredible demonic figures leering from the traceries.

The aisle windows variety even more arrays of figures in canopies with the Evangelists and prophets on the north aspect and the Apostles and Physicians of the Church on the south. The much more narrative windows are primarily located in the japanese half of the church, starting off in the north chapel with an Aged Testament themed window adopted by additional on the life of Mary and infancy of Christ. The subject matter issue is commonly confined to one particular light-weight or a pair of them, so several scenes can be portrayed within just a solitary window. The plan proceeds in the east window of the chancel with its scenes of the Passion of Christ in the lessen sign-up culminating in his crucifixion previously mentioned, though a lesser window to the south exhibits his entombment and the harrowing of Hell. The cycle continues in the south chapel where by the east window reveals scenes of Christ’s resurrection and transfiguration whilst two additional home windows relate more incidents culminating in Pentecost. The final window in the sequence nonetheless is of course the Very last Judgement at the west finish.

The glass has been drastically valued and safeguarded around the centuries from the ravages of history, currently being taken out for defense during the Civil War and Planet War II. The home windows underwent a entire conservation between 1988-2010 by the Barley Studio of York which bravely restored legibility to the home windows by sensitive releading and recreating missing items with new get the job done (formerly these had been stuffed with plain glass which drew the eye and disturbed the balance of gentle). The most remarkable intervention was the re-purchasing of the westernmost home windows of the nave aisles which experienced been partly filled with jumbled fragments adhering to the storm injury of 1703 but have now been returned to one thing nearer to their original condition.

It is important below not to neglect the church’s other options since the glass dominates its track record so a great deal. The chancel also retains its initial late medieval woodwork with a fantastic established of sensitive screens dividing it from the chapels either side alongside with a lovely established of stalls with carved misericords. The tomb of the founder John Tame and his wife can be found on the north facet of the sanctuary with their brasses atop a tomb chest. In the course of the church a fine series of carved angel corbels supports the old oak roofs.

Fairford church is a nationwide treasure and should not be missed by anyone with a enjoy of stained glass and medieval artwork. It is generally retained open up for people and warrants much more of them.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Fairford

Posted by Aidan McRae Thomson on 2021-04-19 20:22:35

Tagged: , Fairford , church , Gloucestershire , stained glass , window , medieval , tracery , tracery light-weight

#furniture #Do it yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wooden craft, wood planer, high-quality woodworking, wood chairs, wood operating instruments, well-known woodworking, woodworking textbooks, woodworking workbench designs