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Greylag Geese

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a big species of goose in the waterfowl spouse and children Anatidae. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and pink legs. A big fowl, it steps between 74 and 91 centimetres (29 and 36 in) in length, with an common fat of 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb). Its distribution is common, with birds from the north of its assortment in Europe and Asia migrating southwards to shell out the wintertime in warmer locations. It is the kind species of the genus Anser and is the ancestor of the domestic goose, possessing been domesticated at the very least as early as 1360 BC. The genus title is from anser, the Latin for “goose”.

Greylag geese travel to their northerly breeding grounds in spring, nesting on moorlands, in marshes, all around lakes and on coastal islands. They normally mate for existence and nest on the ground among the vegetation. A clutch of three to five eggs is laid the feminine incubates the eggs and both dad and mom protect and rear the youthful. The birds continue to be with each other as a loved ones group, migrating southwards in autumn as portion of a flock, and separating the subsequent 12 months. During the wintertime they occupy semi-aquatic habitats, estuaries, marshes and flooded fields, feeding on grass and usually consuming agricultural crops. Some populations, such as all those in Southern England and in city locations throughout the species’ variety, are mainly resident and occupy the similar spot 12 months-spherical.

The greylag is the most significant and bulkiest of the gray geese of the genus Anser, but is much more evenly created and agile than its domestic relative. It has a rotund, bulky system, a thick and lengthy neck, and a large head and invoice. It has pink legs and feet, and an orange or pink invoice with a white or brown nail (tough sexy materials at idea of upper mandible). It is 74 to 91 centimetres (29 to 36 in) extensive with a wing length of 41.2 to 48 centimetres (16.2 to 18.9 in). It has a tail 6.2 to 6.9 centimetres (2.4 to 2.7 in), a bill of 6.4 to 6.9 centimetres (2.5 to 2.7 in) lengthy, and a tarsus of 7.1 to 9.3 centimetres (2.8 to 3.7 in). It weighs 2.16 to 4.56 kilograms (4.8 to 10.1 lb), with a signify weight of all over 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb). The wingspan is 147 to 180 centimetres (58 to 71 in). Males are usually larger than ladies, with the sexual dimorphism a lot more pronounced in the jap subspecies rubirostris, which is much larger than the nominate subspecies on regular.

The plumage of the greylag goose is greyish-brown, with a darker head and paler breast and belly with a variable volume of black recognizing. It has a pale gray fore-wing and rump which are noticeable when the chicken is in flight or stretches its wings on the floor. It has a white line bordering its upper flanks, and its wing coverts are light-weight-colored, contrasting with its darker flight feathers. Its plumage is patterned by the pale fringes of the feathers. Juveniles differ generally in their lack of black-speckling on the breast and stomach and by their greyish legs. Older people have a unique ‘concertina’ sample of folds in the feathers on their necks.

The greylag goose has a loud cackling connect with very similar to that of the domestic goose, “aahng-ung-ung”, uttered on the ground or in flight. There are various subtle versions used less than various situation, and personal geese look to be in a position to establish other identified geese by their voices. The audio made by a flock of geese resembles the baying of hounds. Goslings chirp or whistle evenly, and grown ups hiss if threatened or angered.

This species has a Palearctic distribution. The nominate subspecies breeds in Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic States, northern Russia, Poland, japanese Hungary and Romania. It also breeds domestically in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Macedonia. The jap race extends eastwards throughout a broad swathe of Asia to China. European birds migrate southwards to the Mediterranean area and North Africa. Asian birds migrate to Baluchistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh and eastward to China. In North The us, there are equally feral domestic geese, which are similar to greylags, and occasional vagrant greylags. Greylag geese found in the wild in New Zealand almost certainly originated from the escape of farmyard geese, and a identical factor has happened in Australia the place feral birds are now proven in the east and southeast of the country.

In their breeding quarters, they are identified on moors with scattered lochs, in marshes, fens and peat-bogs, moreover lakes and on little islands some way out to sea. They like dense ground cover of reeds, rushes, heather, bushes and willow thickets. In their winter season quarters, they regular salt marshes, estuaries, freshwater marshes, steppes, flooded fields, bogs and pasture near lakes, rivers and streams. They also take a look at agricultural land where they feed on winter cereals, rice, beans or other crops, shifting at evening to shoals and sand-banks on the coast, mud-banking companies in estuaries or secluded lakes. Significant quantities of immature birds congregate each and every year to moult on the Rone Islands in close proximity to Gotland in the Baltic Sea.

Given that the 1950s, raises in winter temperatures have resulted in greylag geese, breeding in central Europe, cutting down their wintertime migration distances. Wintering grounds nearer to household can for that reason be exploited, that means that the geese can return to established up breeding territories previously the next spring.

In Wonderful Britain, their quantities experienced declined as a breeding chook, retreating north to breed wild only in the Outer Hebrides and the northern mainland of Scotland. Even so, through the 20th century, feral populations have been founded in other places, and they have now re-colonised a great deal of England. These populations are ever more coming into get hold of.

he greylag was when revered throughout Eurasia. It was linked with the goddess of healing, Gula, a forerunner of the Sumerian fertility goddess Ishtar, in the towns of the Tigris-Euphrates delta above 5,000 several years ago. In Ancient Egypt, geese symbolised the sunlight god Ra. In Historical Greece and Rome, they were being connected with the goddess of appreciate, Aphrodite, and goose excess fat was made use of as an aphrodisiac. Since they were sacred birds, they have been kept on Rome’s Capitoline Hill, from the place they lifted the alarm when the Gauls attacked in 390 B.C.

Posted by siddharthx on 2018-02-05 12:14:19

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Greylag & Bar-headed Geese

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a large species of goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and pink legs. A large bird, it measures between 74 and 91 centimetres (29 and 36 in) in length, with an average weight of 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb). Its distribution is widespread, with birds from the north of its range in Europe and Asia migrating southwards to spend the winter in warmer places. It is the type species of the genus Anser and is the ancestor of the domestic goose, having been domesticated at least as early as 1360 BC. The genus name is from anser, the Latin for "goose".

Greylag geese travel to their northerly breeding grounds in spring, nesting on moorlands, in marshes, around lakes and on coastal islands. They normally mate for life and nest on the ground among vegetation. A clutch of three to five eggs is laid; the female incubates the eggs and both parents defend and rear the young. The birds stay together as a family group, migrating southwards in autumn as part of a flock, and separating the following year. During the winter they occupy semi-aquatic habitats, estuaries, marshes and flooded fields, feeding on grass and often consuming agricultural crops. Some populations, such as those in Southern England and in urban areas across the species’ range, are primarily resident and occupy the same area year-round.

The greylag is the largest and bulkiest of the grey geese of the genus Anser, but is more lightly built and agile than its domestic relative. It has a rotund, bulky body, a thick and long neck, and a large head and bill. It has pink legs and feet, and an orange or pink bill with a white or brown nail (hard horny material at tip of upper mandible). It is 74 to 91 centimetres (29 to 36 in) long with a wing length of 41.2 to 48 centimetres (16.2 to 18.9 in). It has a tail 6.2 to 6.9 centimetres (2.4 to 2.7 in), a bill of 6.4 to 6.9 centimetres (2.5 to 2.7 in) long, and a tarsus of 7.1 to 9.3 centimetres (2.8 to 3.7 in). It weighs 2.16 to 4.56 kilograms (4.8 to 10.1 lb), with a mean weight of around 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb). The wingspan is 147 to 180 centimetres (58 to 71 in). Males are generally larger than females, with the sexual dimorphism more pronounced in the eastern subspecies rubirostris, which is larger than the nominate subspecies on average.

The plumage of the greylag goose is greyish-brown, with a darker head and paler breast and belly with a variable amount of black spotting. It has a pale grey fore-wing and rump which are noticeable when the bird is in flight or stretches its wings on the ground. It has a white line bordering its upper flanks, and its wing coverts are light-coloured, contrasting with its darker flight feathers. Its plumage is patterned by the pale fringes of the feathers. Juveniles differ mostly in their lack of black-speckling on the breast and belly and by their greyish legs. Adults have a distinctive ‘concertina’ pattern of folds in the feathers on their necks.

The greylag goose has a loud cackling call similar to that of the domestic goose, "aahng-ung-ung", uttered on the ground or in flight. There are various subtle variations used under different circumstances, and individual geese seem to be able to identify other known geese by their voices. The sound made by a flock of geese resembles the baying of hounds. Goslings chirp or whistle lightly, and adults hiss if threatened or angered.

This species has a Palearctic distribution. The nominate subspecies breeds in Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic States, northern Russia, Poland, eastern Hungary and Romania. It also breeds locally in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Macedonia. The eastern race extends eastwards across a broad swathe of Asia to China. European birds migrate southwards to the Mediterranean region and North Africa. Asian birds migrate to Baluchistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh and eastward to China. In North America, there are both feral domestic geese, which are similar to greylags, and occasional vagrant greylags. Greylag geese seen in the wild in New Zealand probably originated from the escape of farmyard geese, and a similar thing has happened in Australia where feral birds are now established in the east and southeast of the country.

In their breeding quarters, they are found on moors with scattered lochs, in marshes, fens and peat-bogs, besides lakes and on little islands some way out to sea. They like dense ground cover of reeds, rushes, heather, bushes and willow thickets. In their winter quarters, they frequent salt marshes, estuaries, freshwater marshes, steppes, flooded fields, bogs and pasture near lakes, rivers and streams. They also visit agricultural land where they feed on winter cereals, rice, beans or other crops, moving at night to shoals and sand-banks on the coast, mud-banks in estuaries or secluded lakes. Large numbers of immature birds congregate each year to moult on the Rone Islands near Gotland in the Baltic Sea.

Since the 1950s, increases in winter temperatures have resulted in greylag geese, breeding in central Europe, reducing their winter migration distances. Wintering grounds closer to home can therefore be exploited, meaning that the geese can return to set up breeding territories earlier the following spring.

In Great Britain, their numbers had declined as a breeding bird, retreating north to breed wild only in the Outer Hebrides and the northern mainland of Scotland. However, during the 20th century, feral populations have been established elsewhere, and they have now re-colonised much of England. These populations are increasingly coming into contact.

he greylag was once revered across Eurasia. It was linked with the goddess of healing, Gula, a forerunner of the Sumerian fertility goddess Ishtar, in the cities of the Tigris-Euphrates delta over 5,000 years ago. In Ancient Egypt, geese symbolised the sun god Ra. In Ancient Greece and Rome, they were associated with the goddess of love, Aphrodite, and goose fat was used as an aphrodisiac. Since they were sacred birds, they were kept on Rome’s Capitoline Hill, from where they raised the alarm when the Gauls attacked in 390 B.C.

Bar-headed Goose

The bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) is a goose that breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in South Asia, as far south as peninsular India. It lays three to eight eggs at a time in a ground nest.

The bird is pale grey and is easily distinguished from any of the other grey geese of the genus Anser by the black bars on its head. It is also much paler than the other geese in this genus. In flight, its call is a typical goose honking. A mid-sized goose, it measures 71–76 cm (28–30 in) in total length and weighs 1.87–3.2 kg (4.1–7.1 lb).

The summer habitat is high-altitude lakes where the bird grazes on short grass. The species has been reported as migrating south from Tibet, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia before crossing the Himalaya. The bird has come to the attention of medical science in recent years as having been an early victim of the H5N1 virus, HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza), at Qinghai. It suffers predation from crows, foxes, ravens, sea eagles, gulls and others. The total population may, however, be increasing, but it is complex to assess population trends, as this species occurs over more than 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi).

The bar-headed goose is one of the world’s highest-flying birds, having been heard flying across Mount Makalu – the fifth highest mountain on earth at 8,481 m (27,825 ft) – and apparently seen over Mount Everest – 8,848 m (29,029 ft) – although this is a second-hand report with no verification. This demanding migration has long puzzled physiologists and naturalists: "there must be a good explanation for why the birds fly to the extreme altitudes… particularly since there are passes through the Himalaya at lower altitudes, and which are used by other migrating bird species." In fact, bar-headed geese had for a long time not been directly tracked (using GPS or satellite logging technology) flying higher than 6,540 metres (21,460 ft), and it is now believed that they do take the high passes through the mountains. The challenging northward migration from lowland India to breed in the summer on the Tibetan Plateau is undertaken in stages, with the flight across the Himalaya (from sea-level) being undertaken non-stop in as little as seven hours. Surprisingly, despite predictable tail winds that blow up the Himalayas (in the same direction of travel as the geese), bar-headed geese spurn these winds, waiting for them to die down overnight, when they then undertake the greatest rates of climbing flight ever recorded for a bird, and sustain these climbs rates for hours on end, according to research published in 2011.

The 2011 study found the geese peaking at an altitude of around 6,400 m (21,000 ft). In a 2012 study that tagged 91 geese and tracked their migration routes, it was determined that the geese spent 95% of their time below 5,784 m (18,976 ft), choosing to take a longer route through the Himalayas in order to utilize lower-altitude valleys and passes. Only 10 of the tagged geese were ever recorded above this altitude, and only one exceeded 6,500 m (21,300 ft), reaching 7,290 m (23,920 ft). All but one of these high-altitude flights were recorded at night, which along with the early morning, is the most common time of day for geese migration. The colder denser air during these times may be equivalent to an altitude hundreds of meters lower. It is suspected by the authors of these two studies that tales of the geese flying at 8,000 m (26,000 ft) are apocryphal. Bar headed geese have been observed flying at 23,000 ft.

The bar-headed goose migrates over the Himalayas to spend the winter in parts of South Asia (from Assam to as far south as Tamil Nadu. The modern winter habitat of the species is cultivated fields, where it feeds on barley, rice and wheat, and may damage crops. Birds from Kyrgyzstan have been noted to stopover in western Tibet and southern Tajikistan for 20 to 30 days before migrating farther south. Some birds may show high wintering site fidelity.

They nest mainly on the Tibetan Plateau. Intraspecific brood parasitism is noticed with lower rank females attempting to lay their eggs in the nests of higher ranking females.

The bar-headed goose is often kept in captivity, as it is considered beautiful and breeds readily. Records[clarification needed] in Great Britain are frequent, and almost certainly relate to escapes. However, the species has bred on several occasions in recent years and around five pairs were recorded in 2002, the most recent available report of the Rare Birds Breeding Panel. It is possible the species is becoming gradually more established in Great Britain. The bird is sociable and causes no problems for other birds. The feral population is believed to be declining in Great Britain due to over-hunting.

The bar-headed goose has been suggested as being the model for the Hamsa of Indian mythology. Another interpretation suggests that the bar-headed goose is likely to be the Kadamb in ancient and medieval Sanskrit literature, whereas Hamsa generally refers to the swan.

Posted by siddharthx on 2018-02-05 12:14:23

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