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  • Cast-iron landmark

    Cast-iron landmark

    Cast-iron landmark

    The Iron Bridge in the village of Ironbridge near Telford, Shropshire

    Some background information:

    Opened in 1781, the Iron Bridge, which crosses the River Severn in Shropshire, was the very first arch bridge in the entire world to be produced of forged iron. This substance was formerly much too costly to use for huge structures. On the other hand, a new blast furnace close by lowered the cost and inspired neighborhood engineers and architects to clear up a extended-standing issue of a crossing more than the river.

    The bridge, the adjacent settlement of Ironbridge and the Ironbridge Gorge sort the UNESCO “Ironbridge Gorge” Earth Heritage Web-site. The bridge is also a Quality I stated building.

    In the early eighteenth century, the only way to cross the Severn Gorge was by ferry. Yet, the industries that were being expanding in the location of Coalbrookdale and Broseley essential a more reputable crossing.

    In 1773, the English architect Thomas Farnolls Pritchard wrote to a area ironmaster, John Wilkinson of Broseley, to recommend setting up a bridge out of forged iron. By 1775, Pritchard experienced finalised the strategies, but he died in December 1777, only a month right after operate had begun. Abraham Darby III, who was the grandson of the very first foundry owner and an ironmaster functioning at Coalbrookdale in the gorge, was commissioned to cast and make the bridge. The iron for the new bridge was solid at his foundry.

    Shares have been issued to elevate the 3,200 £ necessary, and Darby agreed to fund any extra. Despite the fact that it had been predicted that 300 tons of iron would be needed (costing 7 £ a ton), in the finish 379 tons have been used, costing Darby and his enterprise just about 3,000 £. There would be many other prices to bear (masonry abutments, assembly, etcetera.), so that the venture was significantly additional high-priced than initial envisaged. Darby bore most of the price tag overrun, and was in financial debt for the rest of his lifestyle.

    Currently being the 1st of its kind, the design had no precedent. The strategy chosen to produce the framework was hence based mostly on carpentry. Every single member of the frame was forged independently, and fastenings adopted individuals applied in woodworking, such as the mortise and tenon and blind dovetail joints, adapted as necessary to the diverse qualities of forged iron. Bolts have been used to fasten the 50 %-ribs with each other at the crown of the arch. Incredibly huge elements have been wanted to create a construction to span 100 toes growing to 60 toes over the river. The biggest sections ended up the fifty percent-ribs, each individual about 70 ft extended and weighing 5.25 tons. The bridge contains extra than 800 castings of twelve basic types.

    In the summer months of 1779 the Iron Bridge was raised, and on New Year’s Day 1781 it was opened.

    But just a couple of a long time immediately after the building of the bridge, cracks appeared in the masonry abutments, partly prompted by ground motion. Some of the current-working day cracks in the forged iron could date from this time, whilst other people are almost certainly casting cracks from flaws these kinds of as blow holes. Some cracks were pinned with wrought iron straps, but other people nevertheless seen in the bridge currently have been left untouched. Other architects realized from that and subsequent bridges, this kind of as all those developed by Thomas Telford, applied a lot fewer cast iron, even while they ended up struggling comparable issues of abutment movement.

    Presently the Iron Bridge is a wonderful icon of the beginning Industrial Revolution. Collectively with the 10 Ironbridge Gorge Museums nearby it is frequented by about 550,000 readers each yr. For this reason the tourist market has turn into a big resource of cash flow in today’s Ironbridge and Coalbrookdale.

    Posted by Silanov on 2013-08-14 05:03:28

    Tagged: , EU , Europe , England , British isles , Fantastic Britain , United Kingdom , Großbritannien , English , Englisch , British , Britisch , Shropshire , Ironbridge , Coalbrookdale , Broseley , The Gorge , Telford , Telford and Wrekin , Ironbridge Gorge , Eisenbrücke , bridge , Brücke , iron , Eisen , forged iron , Gusseisen , Schmiedeeisen , gusseisern , schmiedeeisern , river , Fluss , Severn , River Severn , Severn Gorge , valley , Tal , gorge , Schlucht , Industrial Revolution , Industrielle Revolution , Thomas Farnolls Pritchard , Abraham Darby III , Quality I mentioned building , UNESCO , UNESCO World Heritage , UNESCO Entire world Heritage Internet site , UNESCO Planet Heritage Internet sites , UNESCO Welterbe , UNESCO Weltkulturerbe , monument , Denkmal , industrial monument , Industriedenkmal , 18th century , eighteenth century , the 1700s , 18. Jahrhundert , sight , Sehenswürdigkeit , icon , Image , landmark , Wahrzeichen , perspective , Ausblick , Aussicht , Frühling , Frühjahr , 2013

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  • “Carpentry”

    Woodwork

    Sorry, as an AI language model, I cannot summarize content to 2000 words without the original text. Please provide the original content to proceed.

    Posted by nls451 on 2014-03-22 11:16:54

  • October 2019 APKJ in Japara, Indonesia as captured by ©FAO’s Stephan Rudgard

    Indonesia_Japara_APKJ_October2019_©FAOStephanRudgard

    Indonesia’s woodcarving industry makes up 10% of the country’s total exports, highlighting the importance of this sector to the economy. However, the unregulated use of timber has contributed to deforestation and loss of biodiversity in Indonesia. In response, the government has implemented the Indonesia Timber Legality Assurance System (SVLK) to promote sustainable forestry practices and strengthen law enforcement.

    To support this effort, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has partnered with the Wooden Furniture and Handicraft Producer Association of Jepara and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) to help micro and small enterprises comply with SVLK requirements. Through their joint efforts, the FAO, CIFOR, and local partners aim to increase the competitiveness of legally sourced wood products in domestic and international markets, while also promoting sustainable forestry practices and reducing illegal logging.

    The success of the SVLK system depends on the participation of all stakeholders, from forest concessionaires and wood processors to retailers and consumers. By ensuring the legality and sustainability of timber products, SVLK provides a model for responsible forest management that can help to protect Indonesia’s natural resources and promote sustainable economic development.

    Posted by FAO Forestry on 2020-08-06 00:30:42

  • Germany – Andernach

    Germany – Andernach

    Germany - Andernach

    Germany – Andernach

    Spherical Tower (Runder Turm)

    The spherical tower was built concerning 1440 and 1453. It is 56 meters tall. The spherical tower is one particular of the symbols of the town and a testimonial of self confidence of the folks of Andernach. It withstood a French attempt to blow it up in 1689. A gap in the west aspect of the tower reminds us of this historic incident.

    www.andernach-tourismus.de/en/andernach/spots-of-interes…

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    The Spherical Tower (German: Runder Turm) of Andernach in Germany is a large defensive tower, the town’s retain and schauinsland (pretty much “look into the nation”) relationship to the 15th century, and a former look at tower in the city fortifications at the northwest corner of the medieval city wall. It is Andernach’s image and is a person of the mightiest fortified towers of its time.

    Background

    It was crafted less than the path of the town council of Andernach in the period right before 1440 (round lessen area, initial point out in the building information) and from 1448 to 1453 (octagonal upper section) as a fortified check out tower in the town fortifications and known as the Rondentorne. It was probably erected on the internet site of the northwest corner tower of the Roman castellum or one more, smaller sized, previously construction. The builder in cost of the second section of development was municipal grasp builder, Philipp Preudemann (Philips Preudeman). No matter if he also acted as the architect is not recognized. Over the system of its history, the title of the tower diverse from ronder thurn in the 17th century, Runder Thurmin the 18th/19th century and then Runder Turm thereafter. Master carpenter Johann was liable for all the woodwork, including the installation and removing of the treadwheel operated cranes Learn Engel (Enggel) was the local smith. All the ropes and cables arrived from the workshop of Klaus von Mendig (Claise van Mendich) and Christian von Düsseldorf (Kirstgain van Duysseldorp). Other masters named were being Heinrich Schönbel (Henrich Schoinboil), Arnold von Lieser (Arnolden van Leser) and Johann Meyener. Even a single title of the normally unnamed journeymen, personnel, servants and assistants has been recorded: “In derselven wochen hait geoppert Peter Attenderngin 3 dage, y den dag 6 schillinge, macht 1 mark 6 schillinge.” (“In the exact 7 days (the week 3–8 September 1453) Peter Attendernchen experienced worked for 3 times as an odd-job guy, each day for 6 shillings, which tends to make 1 mark, 6 shillings”).

    The outside the house tower partitions applied to be plastered and colored with a whitish to darkish yellowish (ochre) paint to underline the architectonic composition. Rests of the plaster and paint could be located until finally the mid-19th century.

    en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_Tower,_Andernach

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    Andernach is an eye-catching city in the Middle Rhine Valley, it lies just where the river Rhine fulfills the place acknowledged as the Eifel. Andernach has been an crucial town since the Romans were being in this article more than 2.000 several years back. It features the highest chilly drinking water geyser in the entire world and has not long ago pioneered a revolutionary venture in the use of its green spots, identified as “Essbare Stadt” – the edible town.

    www.andernach-tourismus.de/en/andernach

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    Moreover the worlds-maximum cold-water-geyser as 1 terrific highlight, Andernach stands for an eventful history, many leisure time facilities and the rhenish zest for lifestyle.

    With a extra than 2000 12 months old historical past, Andernach is a single of the oldest metropolitan areas in Germany – 1 reality which can be uncovered in all places in the centre of the metropolis, by usually means of effectively-preserved sights like the Round Tower, the Previous Crane, the Catholic Church or the historical city wall.

    www.geysir-andernach.de/english/my_stop by/in-Andernach/

    Posted by Glass Angel on 2015-11-30 17:51:40

    Tagged: , Germany , Andernach , Europe , EU

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  • Indonesia_Japara_APKJ_October2019_©FAOStephanRudgard

    Indonesia_Japara_APKJ_October2019_©FAOStephanRudgard

    Indonesia_Japara_APKJ_October2019_©FAOStephanRudgard

    An artisinal woodworker makes use of lawfully sourced timber to craft a piece of household furniture in Japara, Indonesia in Oct 2019. Woodcarving accounts for 10 per cent of Indonesia’s overall exports. By using lawfully sourced timber, artisans boost the benefit of their products on both of those domestic and intercontinental marketplaces.

    In 2019, FAO partnered with the Wooden Household furniture and Handicraft Producer Affiliation of Jepara and the Middle for International Forestry Exploration (CIFOR) to enhance the ability of micro and compact enterprises in Jepara and Pasuruan to comply with the legality demands set out in the Indonesia Timber Legality Assurance System, a central aspect of the Indonesia-EU Voluntary Partnership Agreement.

    Due to the fact the start off of Period III in 2016, the Programme has supported 17 initiatives in Indonesia, amounting to approximately USD 1.8 million, primarily concentrating on supporting MSMEs, strengthening SVLK implementation and conducting independent forest checking.

    ©FAO/Stephan Rudgard

    Posted by FAO Forestry on 2020-08-06 00:10:27

    Tagged: , Japara , FAO of the UN , Forestry , FLEGT , EU

    #household furniture #Do it yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wooden planer, fantastic woodworking, wooden chairs, wooden doing work applications, well-liked woodworking, woodworking textbooks, woodworking workbench ideas