The Wisconsin State Capitol Building is located in Madison and was built between 1906-1917 to replace the previous state capitol, which burned down in 1904. The capitol features Beaux Arts-style architecture and was designed by George B. Post. The building serves as the state house of representatives, the state senate, and houses the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Governor’s office. This is the fourth state capitol to house the state government since Wisconsin’s establishment in 1848. The capitol building has a greek cross footprint with four five-story wings that are aligned with the compass directions and radial streets. The exterior of the building is clad in Bethel white granite, with an additional 42 types of stone from eight states and six countries being utilized for the interior of the building.
The capitol houses both the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate, as well as the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. The first capitol of Wisconsin was in the village of Belmont, Wisconsin, with the legislature meeting in a hastily constructed wood-frame building. The state legislature then decided to designate the future site of Madison as the state capitol, and holding further sessions of the legislature in the much better-developed Mississippi River port town of Burlington (now in Iowa) until a capitol building could be completed in Madison. Upon Burlington becoming part of the new Iowa Territory, the state legislature moved to a log and stone building on the present site of the state capitol, a relatively humble Greek-Revival-style building constructed in 1837.
The current Wisconsin State Capitol Building had to be built on the site of the previous building, and the construction process focused on completing each wing one at a time to provide space to the state government with as much fiscal efficiency as possible due to financial limitations. The building stands 284 feet (86 meters) tall to the top of the statue on the dome, which was sculpted in 1920 by Daniel Chester French, and is a personification of the state of Wisconsin.
The exterior of the building’s wings feature porticoes on the ends with Corinthian columns, arched windows on the third floor, rusticated bases with entrance doors, and decorative keystones. Various decorative reliefs such as festoons over windows on the portico, cornices with modillions and dentils, and pediments with sculptural reliefs that embody different symbolism are seen. The sides of the wings feature simpler cornices with dentils and pilasters, and recessed window openings with arched openings at the ground floor. The upper roofs of the wings are low-slope with front gabled portions in the middle punctured by skylights, with the roof being almost entirely enclosed by a parapet.
In the center of the building is the rotunda, which is topped with a large dome that rises from a tall base. The dome is the largest in the world to be entirely clad in granite and is the tallest building in Madison. The building underwent major renovation during the 1970s, which covered up many original features. Later projects between 1988 and 2002 restored the building while updating the building’s systems and functions for the modern needs of the state government.
In conclusion, the Wisconsin State Capitol Building is a historic and impressive structure, representing the growth and development of Wisconsin as a state. With its grand architecture and symbolic features, it serves as a testament to the traditions and values of the people of Wisconsin.