Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church positioned in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Location Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The latest church was crafted between 1494 and 1657, on the web site of two previously church buildings the facade, completed last, was the first case in point of the French baroque design in Paris. The organists of the church involved Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque interval the organ they made use of can however be found currently. The church is made up of exceptional illustrations of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church right up until 1975, when it grew to become the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
Background
A church devoted to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as current on the internet site in the 7th century, earning it one particular of the first parish churches on the correct financial institution in Paris. It was attended largely by boatmen and fishermen, mainly because it was shut to the river port at the Put de Grève. It was developed on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe and sound from the floods of the Seine. Just after the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, constructed concerning 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was shielded from attack and the inhabitants began to increase. The church had appear below the sponsorship of numerous of the essential confreries or guilds of Paris, such as the wine-retailers. With their financial enable, a more substantial church was built on the web page in the early 13th century. .[1]
Building of the existing church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of faith and by a scarcity of resources. It was begun in the Gothic fashion the chapels of the apse were being finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was mainly Gothic, the facade was constructed in an authentic new type, the French Baroque, on a approach by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The to start with stone of the facade was positioned by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Among 1600 and 1628, a 2nd row of chapels was constructed on the north facet such as the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
Through the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by several customers of the aristocratic households who lived in the Marais, like Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is discovered in the church.
Commencing in 1653, the church used and sheltered the Couperin loved ones, 1 of the most well-known dynasties of French musicians, for extra than two centuries. On one particular side of the church, the household of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers however stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins’ tenure. The organ utilized by Louis and François Couperin continue to exists these days inside of the church it was constructed by the most well-known organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was considerably admired, however it was nearly blocked from perspective by a row of properties. Voltaire wrote, “It is a masterpiece which is lacking practically nothing apart from a put from which to see it.” The homes blocking the view were being at last demolished in 1854, opening up the perspective of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of lots of of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Purpose and Youth, ahead of being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the lengthy-array “Paris Gun”, fell on the church, killing 91 men and women and wounding 68 many others the explosion collapsed the roof when a Great Friday provider was in development. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives all through the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those people killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favourite product of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same calendar year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic lifetime in an urban context most of its associates perform element-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy for instance, adopting Lutheran hymn tunes and Orthodox troparia. The purchase has launched a number of other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and in other places in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
5 new stained glass home windows by Sylvie Gaudin had been additional to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of 6 windows by Claude Courageux was extra in the early 2000s in the higher level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, changing all those ruined around the hundreds of years.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, properly after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The layout was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris operate was the Luxembourg Palace. Whilst the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade launched an entirely new classical model, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the a few classical orders of architecture a single atop the other. The floor ground highlighted 3 bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the most basic Doric buy, with a classical pediment. Previously mentioned this is a stage of 3 bays with columns of the ionic order, and higher than that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian purchase, keeping up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic part of the church, de Brosse made a traverse and two semicircular chapels on both facet of the facade. The facade served as product for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not significantly absent in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris constructed totally in the new design. [8]
Given that the Center Ages, an elm tree has been planted in entrance of the church it served as a conference place, and a area where by disputes were at times settled by judges. The trees have been replanted routinely around the centuries. Carvings of the trees from before hundreds of years are found on the partitions of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is noteworthy for its extraordinary top and the simplicity and purity of its traces. When the reduce degree of the nave is late gothic, the higher stage of the nave exhibits the impact of the Renaissance, with big semi-round arches made up of a collection of big stained glass home windows, filling the church with gentle. The higher home windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the tale of Adam and Eve, Noah’s ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, in which the arches of the walls appear collectively in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of each day lifestyle, the unique professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those people attending mass, they were made as a position exactly where the Canons of the church could unwind all through the provider. Some of the figures were being way too personal for extra puritanical later hundreds of years, and had to be censored, including a carved picture of a gentleman and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a remarkable late gothic vaulted ceiling, showcasing a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and summary styles resembling flames. The home is frequently applied for silent meditation by church readers. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic fashion, built by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the daily life of the Virgin Mary. [8] A further impressive window by Chastellain, “The Judgement of Solomon”, made in 1533 in the vibrant Renaissance design, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church has a range of notable performs of artwork.
– A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Fantastic and Saint Crucial intercede for the souls in Pugatory, found in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon immediately after his Italian campaign.
– The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
– A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin PrĂ©ault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
– Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer a weeping ‘genie’ praying at his ft and two draped figures symbolizing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are uncovered in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
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St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More data can be identified listed here:-
www.misericords.co.british isles/stgervaisandstprotais.html
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Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church – Paris
A church devoted to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is found on the eastern facet of the HĂ´tel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock recognized as Monceau Saint-Gervais and changed the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that produced on the little mound all through the 5th century. This neighborhood was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a extensive marsh these days regarded as Marais.
The chapel was focused to the twin Roman officers who were being martyred beneath the reign of Nero (1st century Advert).
Put Saint-Gervais, the church square was in the beginning termed Carrefour de l’Orme. It was named immediately after the large elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed in the course of Haussmann’s renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Spot Baudoyer, the sq. that serves the city corridor of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century Advert have been uncovered throughout construction performs.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fantastic illustration of French architecture.
The HĂ´tel-de-Ville district made in the 13th century and gave increase to a flourishing local community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a greater church was significantly needed!
Even so, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 thanks to the absence of funds.
Amazingly, this gradual development turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a excellent illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse intended the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the to start with of its model in Paris.
The 25m superior Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are similarly impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are initial and change the instrument into a single of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is amid the prestigious organists who performed in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this working day a main centre of Sacred New music.
The church has two other, but scaled-down, organs which are positioned in the facet chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch…
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai…
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
Posted by Glass Angel on 2021-05-08 12:11:58
Tagged: , France , Paris , St Gervais et St Protais , Europe , Wood , Carving
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