TedsWoodworking Plans and Projects

Tag: asienman-photography

  • China – Dali – Restaurant – Delicious Food – 4

    China – Dali – Restaurant – Delicious Food – 4

    China - Dali - Restaurant - Delicious Food - 4

    Dali Town, previously known as Tali, is the county-amount seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan.

    Comparable to Carlisle in England, Dali Metropolis is not a solitary town but a county-sized space known as a metropolis for administrative applications. Transportation to “Dali” normally comes at the modern day industrial metropolis named Dali but regionally distinguished by its previous identify Xiaguan. Travelers to and discussion of “Dali”, nonetheless, generally refers to the old town located about an hour away. The previous city is one particular of the most common vacationer locations in Yunnan, recognized for its all-natural scenery, historic and cultural heritage, and lively nightlife.

    Historical past
    The Dali region was formerly recognised as Jumie (苴咩, Jūmiē). The outdated city was the medieval funds of each the Bai kingdom Nanzhao (fl. 8th and 9th generations) and the Kingdom of Dali (937–1253). That town was razed and its data burnt throughout its conquest by China’s Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The present old city was structured in the late 14th century below the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The place turned noticeably Muslim (Hui) underneath the Yuan and Ming and was the center of the Panthay Insurrection against the Qing from 1856–1863. It was severely damaged for the duration of a huge earthquake in 1925.

    Rail and then air transport have permitted the area (specifically Dali Old Town) to come to be obtainable to travelers in the 20th century. It is now one of China’s official tourist metropolitan areas and, together with nearby Lijiang, a person of the most preferred and beutiful town. In buy to maintain the appeal of the aged city, industrial growth is restricted to places these types of as Xiaguan though setting up codes mandate new constructions the outdated city and encompassing countryside should affirm to the common Chinese fashion, with tiled roofs and bricks, plaster, or white-washed partitions.

    GEOGRAPHY
    Dali City is northwest of the provincial capital, Kunming: about 40 minutes by air or 7 hrs by teach.

    Dali is found on a fertile plateau amongst the Cang Mountain Array to the west and Erhai lake to the east. It has typically been settled by the Bai and Yi minorities. It is also the funds of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.

    Websites OF Curiosity
    Dali is a single of Yunnan’s most well-known vacationer destinations. Sights include things like:
    – Dali museum
    – Chong Sheng Temple
    – Guanyin Palace of Copper Rain (rebuilt in 1999)
    – Jianji Wonderful Bell of Nanzhao (recast in 1997)
    – 3 Pagodas
    – Butterfly Spring
    – Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils film town
    – Xizhou: a historical city famed for its architecture and woodwork
    – Shaxi: a historic town in Jianchuan County on the historical tea route
    – Shuang lang: on the reverse facet of the lake, at the time a little fishing village, now a relatively higher-course tourist place, most properties and businesses possessing overtaken the village since 2012. The coast is now completely created up by tourism estates.

    Lifestyle
    Third Thirty day period Fair (Sanyue Jie)

    Financial system
    Substantially of the local economic climate now facilities around tourism and services catering to tourists.

    Traditionally, Dali was capable to management some of the trade between India and China and independently famed for the woodworkers of Xizhou (喜州, Xǐzhōu) and for its high-quality marble, applied each for building and ornamental objects. It was so outstanding in the latter that the fashionable Chinese word for marble is literally “Dali stone” (大理石, dàlǐshí).

    There is also community tea.

    TRANSPORTATION
    Neighborhood Transportation
    Neighborhood transportation incorporates busses, taxis, bicycles, and boats on Erhai Lake. Area busses 4 & 8 deliver service from Xiaguan to the old city (1 hr).

    AIR
    Dali Airport (DLU) is a domestic airport about 13 km east of Xiaguan on Weishan or Airport Rd. Taxis operate about 60 RMB to Xiaguan or 90 RMB to the previous city. It solutions (as of 2014) Kunming (20 min), Xishuangbanna (25 min), Chongqing (70 min), Chengdu (80 min), Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Guiyuan.

    Highway
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) is linked to Kunming and factors east by the Hangrui Expressway (G56), which also runs west to Ruili on the Burmese border. The Dali Expressway (G56₁₁) is a spur connecting it with Lijiang. The road to the old city is China Nationwide Freeway 214, which connects to the expresseway to Lijiang north of the lake. It also runs south from Xiaguan to Menghai near the Burmese border.

    Very long-length busses run from the old town’s west gate to Kunming (about 4½ hrs), Lijiang, and Shangri-La. Each and every Monday, company is also accessible to Shaping for its market place.

    Prolonged-length busses operate from Xiaguan’s stations on Jianshe Street.

    RAIL
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) has rail connections with daily company to Kunming through the Guangtong-Dali Railway and Lijiang by way of the Dali-Lijiang Railway. Company to Kunming generally is composed of a single prepare during the working day and two trains operating right away, with sleeper autos. As the railway network expands in Yunnan, prepare provider will develop into accessible to Shangri-La County and Ruili.

    Local climate
    Its very low latitude tempered by its high elevation, Dali has a moderate subtropical highland weather (Köppen Cwb) with short, gentle, dry winters and warm, rainy summers. Frost may possibly occur in winter but the days still generally warm up to 15 °C or more. Through summertime, a the vast majority of the times features some rainfall and daytime temperatures increase to 24 °C. A great the greater part of the year’s rainfall occurs from June to Oct. December 2013 was specifically marked for its large snowfall.

    WIKIPEDIA

    Posted by Manfred Sommer (330 Million Sights) on 2013-07-09 10:43:10

    Tagged: , China , Yunnan , Dali , asienman-images

    #household furniture #Diy #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wood planer, high-quality woodworking, picket chairs, wooden doing work applications, well-known woodworking, woodworking textbooks, woodworking workbench options

  • Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen - 1886

    To start with Automobile OF THE Planet

    “Car Museum Volkswagen – Germany – Wolfsburg”
    ________________________________________

    The Benz Patent-Motorwagen (or motorcar), created in 1886, is commonly regarded as the world’s initially auto that is, a motor vehicle made to be propelled by an inner combustion engine. The initial charge of the car in 1885 was $1,000 (equal to $26,381 in 2015). The car or truck was awarded the German patent, quantity 37435, for which Karl Benz utilized on January 29, 1886. Pursuing official processes, the day of the application turned the patent date for the creation at the time the patent was granted, which happened in November of that year.

    Although Benz’s spouse, Bertha, financed the progress procedure, and would maintain patent rights under fashionable regulation, as a married woman she was not permitted to use for the patent.

    Benz unveiled his invention to the public on July 3, 1886, on the Ringstrasse (Ringstraße) in Mannheim.

    About 25 Patent Motorwagens were constructed concerning 1886 and 1893.

    Technical specs
    Right after establishing a successful gasoline-powered two-stroke piston engine in 1873, Benz concentrated on producing a motorized car or truck though sustaining a occupation as a designer and manufacturer of stationary engines and their linked components.

    The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a a few-wheeled vehicle with a rear-mounted motor. The motor vehicle contained several new innovations. It was produced of metal tubing with woodwork panels. The steel-spoked wheels and reliable rubber tires were being Benz’s personal design. Steering was by way of a toothed rack that pivoted the unsprung entrance wheel. Totally elliptic springs ended up utilized at the back again along with a stay axle and chain push on both equally sides. A simple belt system served as a one-speed transmission, different torque amongst an open disc and travel disc.

    The first Motorwagen utilized the Benz 954 cc single-cylinder four-stroke motor with trembler coil ignition. This new engine manufactured 500 watts (2⁄3 hp) at 250 rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, while later checks by the College of Mannheim confirmed it to be able of 670 W at 400 rpm. It was an particularly light-weight motor for the time, weighing about 100 kg. Whilst its open up crankcase and drip oiling process would be alien to a contemporary mechanic, its use of a pushrod-operated poppet valve for exhaust would be quite acquainted. A massive horizontal flywheel stabilized the one-cylinder engine’s power output. An evaporative carburettor was managed by a sleeve valve to control ability and engine pace. The 1st design of the Motorwagen had not been developed with a carburetor, alternatively a basin of fuel soaked fibers that supplied gasoline to the cylinder by evaporation.

    Benz later manufactured additional styles of the Motorwagen, design quantity 2 experienced 1.1 kW motor, and design amount 3 had 1.5 kW motor, permitting the motor vehicle to access a utmost pace of about 16 km/h. The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wood-spoke wheels, a gas tank, and a handbook leather-based shoe brake on the rear wheels.

    HISTORIC JOURNEY OF BERTHA BENZ
    Bertha Benz, married to Karl, chose to publicize the Patent-Motorwagen in a unique manner: She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3, supposedly without the need of her husband’s awareness, and drove it on the very first extensive-distance auto road trip to reveal its feasibility. that excursion happened in early August 1888, as the entrepreneurial lady took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen yrs previous, respectively, on a trip from Mannheim as a result of Heidelberg, and Wiesloch (the place she took on ligroin as a gas at the town pharmacy, making it the very first filling station in history), to her maternal hometown of Pforzheim.

    As very well as being the driver, Benz acted as mechanic on the generate, cleansing the carburetor with her hat pin and working with a garter to insulate a wire. She refueled at the nearby pharmacy in Wiesloch. As the brakes wore down, Benz questioned a community shoemaker to nail leather on the brake blocks, thus inventing brake linings. Soon after sending a telegram to her partner of her arrival in Pforzheim, she spent the night at her mother’s dwelling and returned household a few days later on. The trip lined 194 km in whole.

    In Germany, a parade of antique vehicles celebrates this historic trip of Bertha Benz every two yrs. In 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially accepted as a route of industrial heritage of mankind, since it follows Bertha Benz’s tracks of the world’s initial extended-distance journey by car in 1888. Now every person can observe the 194 km of signposted route from Mannheim through Heidelberg to Pforzheim (Black Forest) and again.
    ________________________________________

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nummer 1 war der Name des ersten von Carl Benz erbauten Automobils mit Verbrennungsmotor. Das Patent für dieses Dreiradfahrzeug wurde von Benz am 29. Januar 1886 eingereicht und als DRP Nr. 37435 am 2. November 1886 erteilt. Am 3. Juli 1886 führte Benz die erste öffentliche Probefahrt mit diesem Fahrzeug in Mannheim durch. Es gilt als der erste praxistaugliche Kraftwagen der Welt und setzt somit die Geburtsstunde des modernen Automobils. Das Bild rechts zeigt das Primary im Verkehrszentrum des Deutschen Museums in München. Benz machte auf einem Kurbelveloziped (Tretkurbelfahrrad) seine entscheidenden Mobilitätserfahrungen und baute dann statt einer von ihm zunächst erwogenen Straßenlokomotive für den Kollektivverkehr ein leichtes motorisiertes Veloziped für Individualverkehr. Sein Patent-Motorwagen erinnert in Vielem noch an Fahrräder und Kutschen.

    TECHNIK
    DER MOTOR
    Kernstück des Wagens war ein Einzylinder-Viertaktmotor mit einem Hubraum von ,954 Litern. Einige Particulars finden sich heute noch an Motoren: Kurbelwelle mit Gegengewichten, elektrische Zündung und Wasserkühlung.

    „Eine Tourenzahl von 250 Touren professional Minute erschien mir genügend, ja sogar sehr viel, und ich konnte feststellen, daß dieser Motor etwa 2/3 Pferdestärke ergab.“
    – Carl Benz.

    Spätere Messungen ergaben ,75 PS (551 W) bei 400/min. Der für damalige Verhältnisse mit rund 110 Kilogramm leichte Motor hatte einen Zylinder mit offenem Kurbelgehäuse, einen über eine Exzenterstange gesteuerte Einlass-Gleitschieber und ein Auslass-Tellerventil, betätigt über Nockenscheibe, Stoßstange und Kipphebel. Geschmiert wurde er über Tropföler. Das große Schwungrad konzipierte Benz für den Einbau in das Fahrgestell liegend, weil er befürchtete, dass bei senkrechter Anordnung wegen der Kreiselwirkung die Lenkung und die Standfestigkeit des Fahrzeuges in engen Kurven beeinträchtigt werde.

    Ein von Benz entwickelter Oberflächen-Vergaser bereitete das Gemisch auf und enthielt gleichzeitig auch einen Benzinvorrat von 1,5 Litern. Wobei es sich nicht um Benzin im heutigen Stil handelte, sondern eher um ein Alkohol-Benzingemisch (Ligroin) auch bekannt als Waschbenzin, das in Apotheken erhältlich war. Die Zusammensetzung des Benzin-Luft-Gemisches konnte mit einem Hülsenschieber korrigiert werden, der die Löcher für die Zusatz-Ansaugleitung mehr oder weniger abdeckte und so die Leistungsabgabe regelte. Im Fahrzeug fand sich dieser Schieber intestine erreichbar unterhalb des Fahrersitzes.

    Der Zündung widmete Benz etliche Versuche, bis er eine Lösung fand, die der damals geringen Leistung des Batteriestromes angepasst war. Er transformierte den Strom mit einem von Heinrich Daniel Rühmkorff entwickelten Funkeninduktor auf höhere Spannung. Auch die Zündkerze war eine Eigenentwicklung. Spätere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass der Werkstoff ihrer Elektroden mit dem handelsüblicher Zündkerzen der dreißiger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts weitgehend übereinstimmte.

    Die Kühlung des Verbrennungsmotors war ein besonderes Dilemma, denn er konnte nicht wie ein stationärer Motor einfach an eine Kühlwasserleitung angeschlossen werden. Benz verfiel auf eine einfache Verdampfungskühlung (Siedekühlung), die sich bei der geringen Leistung als wirkungsvoll und ausreichend erwies.

    Angelassen wurde der Motor durch beherztes Drehen des Schwungrades. Dass der Treibstoffvorrat im Vergaser nicht für eine längere Strecke reichte, störte Benz beim Patent-Motorwagen nicht weiter. Immerhin brauchte der Antrieb des Fahrzeugs auf 100 Kilometer rund 10 Liter des seinerzeit noch immer als gefährlich geltenden Ligroins.

    FAHRGESTELL UND AUFBAU
    Der Rahmen war aus Stahlrohren gebogen und geschweißt. Da der Wagen Hinterradantrieb haben sollte, also von hinten geschoben wurde, tauchte das Challenge der Lenkung auf, die anders konstruiert sein musste als bei einem gezogenen Wagen. Die sonst bei Kutschen gebräuchliche Drehschemel-Lenkung kam nicht in Frage, und nach seinen Zweirad-Erfahrungen entschied sich Benz für ein leicht gebautes Dreirad, ein dreirädriges Veloziped (siehe Patenttext). Das Vorderrad hing in einer ungefederten Gabel und wurde durch eine mit einer Kurbel verbundenen Zahnstange gelenkt. (Erst 1893 verwendete Benz eine Achsschenkel-Lenkung). Die drei mit Vollgummi bereiften Drahtspeichenräder fertigte Benz selbst, nur die Felgen waren „Fremdbezug“ von der Adler-Fahrradfabrik in Frankfurt. Das Vorderrad lief, wie seinerzeit im Fahrradbau üblich, in einem Kugellager, die Hinterräder in Weißmetallbuchsen.

    Der Wagen wurde mit je einer Kette links und rechts der Vorgelegewelle über die Hinterräder angetrieben, die ihrerseits über eine Starrachse und Vollelliptikfedern mit dem Rahmen verbunden waren. Auf der Vorgelegewelle saß eine Antriebsscheibe samt integriertem Differential, daneben noch eine Leerlaufscheibe. Damit hatte das Riemen-Getriebe nur einen Vorwärtsgang und keinen Rückwärtsgang. Der Flachriemen zwischen der über Kegelräder angetriebenen Nockenwelle und Vorgelegewelle wirkte, dank der Leerlaufscheibe, gleichzeitig als Kupplung. Der Flachriemen wurde zum Anfahren mit einer Riemengabel von der Los- auf die Festscheibe verschoben. Das Motordrehmoment wurde wie bei Dampfmaschinen durch Verstellen der Steuerung des Einlassschiebers unterhalb des Fahrersitzes geregelt. Über dem Motor thronte der Vorratsbehälter für das Kühlwasser. Gebremst wurde mit einem Handhebel, der auf die Vorgelege-Riemenscheibe wirkte. Eine Fußbremse gab es noch nicht.

    Die Sitzbank war vor dem Motor auf geschwungenen Federn direkt auf den Rahmen montiert und mit abgestepptem Leder bezogen. Festen Halt gab ein niedriges, lederbezogenes Geländer im Rücken und an den Seiten.

    Sorgen bereiteten die Ketten: Die Fahrradketten waren noch mangelhaft, meist zu weich, und dehnten sich deshalb sehr, sprangen aus den Zahnrädern oder rissen. Da es aber keine besseren gab, musste Benz sich mit dem vorhandenen Material begnügen.

    ERPROBUNG
    Die ersten Probefahrten fanden 1885 aus Gründen der Geheimhaltung im Fabrikhof statt und endeten an der Fabrikmauer. Auch der erste „Ausflug“ auf freier Strecke – bei Nacht – dauerte nur wenige Minuten. Nach hundert Metern blieb der Wagen stehen. In zahlreichen Versuchen konnte aber die Reichweite nach und nach verbessert werden.

    Am 29. Januar 1886 wurde schließlich das Fahrzeug beim Reichspatentamt unter der Nummer 37435 zum Patent angemeldet. Bei der ersten öffentlichen und per Zeitungsartikel dokumentierten Ausfahrt am 3. Juli 1886 auf der Ringstraße in Mannheim läuft sein Sohn Eugen mit einer Flasche Benzin nebenher, „um nachzuschütten, wenn das Benzin zu Ende geht“.

    VERBLEIB
    Der Wagen blieb ein Einzelstück, ebenso wie sein direkter Nachfolger Patent-Motorwagen Nummer 2. Er wurde zunächst zum Vierradwagen umgebaut und später ausgeschlachtet. 1903 wurde er rekonstruiert. Dieser Benz Patent Motor-Wagen Nr. 1 steht heute im Verkehrszentrum des Deutschen Museums in München.

    WELTKULTURERBE
    Im Jahre 2011 wurde das Patent von der UNESCO in das Weltdokumentenerbe aufgenommen.

    WIKIPEDIA

    Posted by Manfred Sommer (330 Million Views) on 2016-10-28 21:27:52

    Tagged: , Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886 , asienman-images , Museum , Worlds First Motorcar , Initially Vehicle OF THE Entire world , Automobile Museum Volkswagen – Germany – Wolfsburg , Autostadt

    #household furniture #Do-it-yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wood planer, fine woodworking, wooden chairs, wood doing the job tools, well-known woodworking, woodworking textbooks, woodworking workbench options

  • Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886 – Detail

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886 – Detail

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen - 1886 - Detail

    First Automobile OF THE Planet

    “Auto Museum Volkswagen – Germany – Wolfsburg”
    ________________________________________

    The Benz Patent-Motorwagen (or motorcar), developed in 1886, is greatly regarded as the world’s initially automobile that is, a motor vehicle developed to be propelled by an inner combustion engine. The authentic cost of the motor vehicle in 1885 was $1,000 (equivalent to $26,381 in 2015). The car or truck was awarded the German patent, selection 37435, for which Karl Benz used on January 29, 1886. Pursuing official procedures, the day of the software turned the patent day for the creation when the patent was granted, which transpired in November of that year.

    Though Benz’s spouse, Bertha, financed the advancement course of action, and would keep patent legal rights under modern-day legislation, as a married girl she was not allowed to use for the patent.

    Benz unveiled his invention to the community on July 3, 1886, on the Ringstrasse (Ringstraße) in Mannheim.

    About 25 Patent Motorwagens were built in between 1886 and 1893.

    Specifications
    Just after establishing a profitable gasoline-driven two-stroke piston engine in 1873, Benz centered on establishing a motorized vehicle when maintaining a profession as a designer and producer of stationary engines and their affiliated parts.

    The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a a few-wheeled auto with a rear-mounted engine. The vehicle contained numerous new innovations. It was manufactured of steel tubing with woodwork panels. The metal-spoked wheels and strong rubber tires were Benz’s very own style and design. Steering was by way of a toothed rack that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Totally elliptic springs ended up utilised at the again together with a dwell axle and chain push on both of those sides. A easy belt program served as a single-speed transmission, various torque among an open disc and drive disc.

    The to start with Motorwagen utilized the Benz 954 cc single-cylinder 4-stroke engine with trembler coil ignition. This new engine created 500 watts (2⁄3 hp) at 250 rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, though afterwards assessments by the University of Mannheim showed it to be able of 670 W at 400 rpm. It was an particularly light motor for the time, weighing about 100 kg. Though its open up crankcase and drip oiling process would be alien to a modern mechanic, its use of a pushrod-operated poppet valve for exhaust would be fairly acquainted. A large horizontal flywheel stabilized the single-cylinder engine’s electricity output. An evaporative carburettor was controlled by a sleeve valve to regulate electrical power and motor pace. The initial design of the Motorwagen experienced not been developed with a carburetor, fairly a basin of fuel soaked fibers that equipped fuel to the cylinder by evaporation.

    Benz later on produced additional types of the Motorwagen, design selection 2 experienced 1.1 kW motor, and design quantity 3 had 1.5 kW engine, allowing for the auto to get to a optimum speed of about 16 km/h. The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wooden-spoke wheels, a gasoline tank, and a handbook leather shoe brake on the rear wheels.

    HISTORIC JOURNEY OF BERTHA BENZ
    Bertha Benz, married to Karl, selected to publicize the Patent-Motorwagen in a exceptional method: She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3, supposedly with no her husband’s awareness, and drove it on the initial extensive-distance car highway vacation to display its feasibility. that vacation transpired in early August 1888, as the entrepreneurial woman took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen a long time old, respectively, on a trip from Mannheim by means of Heidelberg, and Wiesloch (where she took on ligroin as a fuel at the town pharmacy, building it the very first filling station in heritage), to her maternal hometown of Pforzheim.

    As nicely as getting the driver, Benz acted as mechanic on the push, cleaning the carburetor with her hat pin and working with a garter to insulate a wire. She refueled at the nearby pharmacy in Wiesloch. As the brakes wore down, Benz asked a local shoemaker to nail leather-based on the brake blocks, thereby inventing brake linings. Soon after sending a telegram to her partner of her arrival in Pforzheim, she spent the night at her mother’s home and returned household 3 times later on. The excursion included 194 km in overall.

    In Germany, a parade of antique vehicles celebrates this historic vacation of Bertha Benz each and every two decades. In 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was formally accepted as a route of industrial heritage of mankind, due to the fact it follows Bertha Benz’s tracks of the world’s very first lengthy-length journey by vehicle in 1888. Now most people can adhere to the 194 km of signposted route from Mannheim by means of Heidelberg to Pforzheim (Black Forest) and back again.
    ________________________________________

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nummer 1 war der Identify des ersten von Carl Benz erbauten Automobils mit Verbrennungsmotor. Das Patent für dieses Dreiradfahrzeug wurde von Benz am 29. Januar 1886 eingereicht und als DRP Nr. 37435 am 2. November 1886 erteilt. Am 3. Juli 1886 führte Benz die erste öffentliche Probefahrt mit diesem Fahrzeug in Mannheim durch. Es gilt als der erste praxistaugliche Kraftwagen der Welt und setzt somit die Geburtsstunde des modernen Automobils. Das Bild rechts zeigt das Initial im Verkehrszentrum des Deutschen Museums in München. Benz machte auf einem Kurbelveloziped (Tretkurbelfahrrad) seine entscheidenden Mobilitätserfahrungen und baute dann statt einer von ihm zunächst erwogenen Straßenlokomotive für den Kollektivverkehr ein leichtes motorisiertes Veloziped für Individualverkehr. Sein Patent-Motorwagen erinnert in Vielem noch an Fahrräder und Kutschen.

    TECHNIK
    DER MOTOR
    Kernstück des Wagens war ein Einzylinder-Viertaktmotor mit einem Hubraum von ,954 Litern. Einige Aspects finden sich heute noch an Motoren: Kurbelwelle mit Gegengewichten, elektrische Zündung und Wasserkühlung.

    „Eine Tourenzahl von 250 Touren professional Minute erschien mir genügend, ja sogar sehr viel, und ich konnte feststellen, daß dieser Motor etwa 2/3 Pferdestärke ergab.“
    – Carl Benz.

    Spätere Messungen ergaben ,75 PS (551 W) bei 400/min. Der für damalige Verhältnisse mit rund 110 Kilogramm leichte Motor hatte einen Zylinder mit offenem Kurbelgehäuse, einen über eine Exzenterstange gesteuerte Einlass-Gleitschieber und ein Auslass-Tellerventil, betätigt über Nockenscheibe, Stoßstange und Kipphebel. Geschmiert wurde er über Tropföler. Das große Schwungrad konzipierte Benz für den Einbau in das Fahrgestell liegend, weil er befürchtete, dass bei senkrechter Anordnung wegen der Kreiselwirkung die Lenkung und die Standfestigkeit des Fahrzeuges in engen Kurven beeinträchtigt werde.

    Ein von Benz entwickelter Oberflächen-Vergaser bereitete das Gemisch auf und enthielt gleichzeitig auch einen Benzinvorrat von 1,5 Litern. Wobei es sich nicht um Benzin im heutigen Stil handelte, sondern eher um ein Alkohol-Benzingemisch (Ligroin) auch bekannt als Waschbenzin, das in Apotheken erhältlich war. Die Zusammensetzung des Benzin-Luft-Gemisches konnte mit einem Hülsenschieber korrigiert werden, der die Löcher für die Zusatz-Ansaugleitung mehr oder weniger abdeckte und so die Leistungsabgabe regelte. Im Fahrzeug fand sich dieser Schieber gut erreichbar unterhalb des Fahrersitzes.

    Der Zündung widmete Benz etliche Versuche, bis er eine Lösung fand, die der damals geringen Leistung des Batteriestromes angepasst war. Er transformierte den Strom mit einem von Heinrich Daniel Rühmkorff entwickelten Funkeninduktor auf höhere Spannung. Auch die Zündkerze war eine Eigenentwicklung. Spätere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass der Werkstoff ihrer Elektroden mit dem handelsüblicher Zündkerzen der dreißiger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts weitgehend übereinstimmte.

    Die Kühlung des Verbrennungsmotors war ein besonderes Dilemma, denn er konnte nicht wie ein stationärer Motor einfach an eine Kühlwasserleitung angeschlossen werden. Benz verfiel auf eine einfache Verdampfungskühlung (Siedekühlung), die sich bei der geringen Leistung als wirkungsvoll und ausreichend erwies.

    Angelassen wurde der Motor durch beherztes Drehen des Schwungrades. Dass der Treibstoffvorrat im Vergaser nicht für eine längere Strecke reichte, störte Benz beim Patent-Motorwagen nicht weiter. Immerhin brauchte der Antrieb des Fahrzeugs auf 100 Kilometer rund 10 Liter des seinerzeit noch immer als gefährlich geltenden Ligroins.

    FAHRGESTELL UND AUFBAU
    Der Rahmen war aus Stahlrohren gebogen und geschweißt. Da der Wagen Hinterradantrieb haben sollte, also von hinten geschoben wurde, tauchte das Difficulty der Lenkung auf, die anders konstruiert sein musste als bei einem gezogenen Wagen. Die sonst bei Kutschen gebräuchliche Drehschemel-Lenkung kam nicht in Frage, und nach seinen Zweirad-Erfahrungen entschied sich Benz für ein leicht gebautes Dreirad, ein dreirädriges Veloziped (siehe Patenttext). Das Vorderrad hing in einer ungefederten Gabel und wurde durch eine mit einer Kurbel verbundenen Zahnstange gelenkt. (Erst 1893 verwendete Benz eine Achsschenkel-Lenkung). Die drei mit Vollgummi bereiften Drahtspeichenräder fertigte Benz selbst, nur die Felgen waren „Fremdbezug“ von der Adler-Fahrradfabrik in Frankfurt. Das Vorderrad lief, wie seinerzeit im Fahrradbau üblich, in einem Kugellager, die Hinterräder in Weißmetallbuchsen.

    Der Wagen wurde mit je einer Kette backlinks und rechts der Vorgelegewelle über die Hinterräder angetrieben, die ihrerseits über eine Starrachse und Vollelliptikfedern mit dem Rahmen verbunden waren. Auf der Vorgelegewelle saß eine Antriebsscheibe samt integriertem Differential, daneben noch eine Leerlaufscheibe. Damit hatte das Riemen-Getriebe nur einen Vorwärtsgang und keinen Rückwärtsgang. Der Flachriemen zwischen der über Kegelräder angetriebenen Nockenwelle und Vorgelegewelle wirkte, dank der Leerlaufscheibe, gleichzeitig als Kupplung. Der Flachriemen wurde zum Anfahren mit einer Riemengabel von der Los- auf die Festscheibe verschoben. Das Motordrehmoment wurde wie bei Dampfmaschinen durch Verstellen der Steuerung des Einlassschiebers unterhalb des Fahrersitzes geregelt. Über dem Motor thronte der Vorratsbehälter für das Kühlwasser. Gebremst wurde mit einem Handhebel, der auf die Vorgelege-Riemenscheibe wirkte. Eine Fußbremse gab es noch nicht.

    Die Sitzbank war vor dem Motor auf geschwungenen Federn direkt auf den Rahmen montiert und mit abgestepptem Leder bezogen. Festen Halt gab ein niedriges, lederbezogenes Geländer im Rücken und an den Seiten.

    Sorgen bereiteten die Ketten: Die Fahrradketten waren noch mangelhaft, meist zu weich, und dehnten sich deshalb sehr, sprangen aus den Zahnrädern oder rissen. Da es aber keine besseren gab, musste Benz sich mit dem vorhandenen Material begnügen.

    ERPROBUNG
    Die ersten Probefahrten fanden 1885 aus Gründen der Geheimhaltung im Fabrikhof statt und endeten an der Fabrikmauer. Auch der erste „Ausflug“ auf freier Strecke – bei Nacht – dauerte nur wenige Minuten. Nach hundert Metern blieb der Wagen stehen. In zahlreichen Versuchen konnte aber die Reichweite nach und nach verbessert werden.

    Am 29. Januar 1886 wurde schließlich das Fahrzeug beim Reichspatentamt unter der Nummer 37435 zum Patent angemeldet. Bei der ersten öffentlichen und for each Zeitungsartikel dokumentierten Ausfahrt am 3. Juli 1886 auf der Ringstraße in Mannheim läuft sein Sohn Eugen mit einer Flasche Benzin nebenher, „um nachzuschütten, wenn das Benzin zu Ende geht“.

    VERBLEIB
    Der Wagen blieb ein Einzelstück, ebenso wie sein direkter Nachfolger Patent-Motorwagen Nummer 2. Er wurde zunächst zum Vierradwagen umgebaut und später ausgeschlachtet. 1903 wurde er rekonstruiert. Dieser Benz Patent Motor-Wagen Nr. 1 steht heute im Verkehrszentrum des Deutschen Museums in München.

    WELTKULTURERBE
    Im Jahre 2011 wurde das Patent von der UNESCO in das Weltdokumentenerbe aufgenommen.

    WIKIPEDIA

    Posted by Manfred Sommer (330 Million Sights) on 2016-10-28 21:41:05

    Tagged: , Benz Patent-Motorwagen – 1886 , Earth 1st Motorcar , asienman-pictures , Museum , Car Museum Volkswagen – Germany – Wolfsburg , Autostadt

    #furnishings #Diy #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wooden planer, fantastic woodworking, picket chairs, wood operating tools, popular woodworking, woodworking guides, woodworking workbench options

  • China – Yunnan – Dali – Truck – 100

    China – Yunnan – Dali – Truck – 100

    China - Yunnan - Dali - Truck - 100

    Dali City, formerly identified as Tali, is the county-amount seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan,

    Related to Carlisle in England, Dali Metropolis is not a single town but a county-sized location known as a metropolis for administrative needs. Transportation to “Dali” commonly arrives at the present day industrial city named Dali but regionally distinguished by its previous title Xiaguan. Vacationers to and dialogue of “Dali”, nevertheless, normally refers to the outdated town found about an hour absent. The aged city is one of the most well known tourist places in Yunnan, known for its all-natural scenery, historical and cultural heritage, and lively nightlife.

    Heritage
    The Dali region was previously recognised as Jumie (苴咩, Jūmiē). The old city was the medieval money of both equally the Bai kingdom Nanzhao (fl. 8th and 9th centuries) and the Kingdom of Dali (937–1253). That town was razed and its information burnt in the course of its conquest by China’s Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The existing outdated town was structured in the late 14th century less than the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The place grew to become appreciably Muslim (Hui) below the Yuan and Ming and was the heart of the Panthay Rise up versus the Qing from 1856–1863. It was seriously ruined through a large earthquake in 1925.

    Rail and then air transportation have permitted the region (significantly Dali Aged City) to come to be accessible to travelers in the 20th century. It is now a single of China’s official tourist towns and, together with close by Lijiang, a person of the most well-known. To preserve the appeal of the aged city, industrial advancement is limited to places these as Xiaguan while building codes mandate new building the old town and surrounding countryside should conform to the common Chinese design, with tiled roofs and brick, plaster, or white-washed walls.

    GEOGRAPHY
    Dali Metropolis is northwest of the provincial funds, Kunming: about 40 minutes by air or 7 several hours by train.

    Dali is located on a fertile plateau concerning the Cangshan Variety to the west and Erhai lake to the east. It has typically been settled by the Bai and Yi minorities. It is also the cash of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.

    Web pages OF Interest
    Dali is 1 of Yunnan’s most popular vacationer locations. Sights incorporate:

    – Dali museum
    – Chong Sheng Temple
    – Guanyin Palace of Copper Rain (rebuilt in 1999)
    – Jianji Fantastic Bell of Nanzhao (recast in 1997)
    – Three Pagodas
    – Butterfly Spring
    – Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils film metropolis
    Xizhou: a historical city famed for its architecture and woodwork
    – Shaxi: a historical city in Jianchuan County on the ancient tea route
    – Shuang lang: on the opposite facet of the lake, after a small fishing village, now a rather higher-class vacationer location, most properties and businesses obtaining overtaken the village due to the fact 2012. The coast is now absolutely built up by tourism estates.

    Overall economy
    Much of the local financial state now facilities all-around tourism and providers catering to vacationers.

    Traditionally, Dali was equipped to management some of the trade between India and China and independently famed for the woodworkers of Xizhou (喜州, Xǐzhōu) and for its significant-quality marble, applied the two for construction and attractive objects. It was so well known in the latter that the modern Chinese term for marble is pretty much “Dali stone” (大理石, dàlǐshí).

    There is also area tea

    TRANSPORTATION
    Local TRANSPORTATION
    Nearby transport features busses, taxis, bicycles, and boats on Erhai Lake. Neighborhood busses 4 & 8 present assistance from Xiaguan to the old city (1 hr).

    AIR
    Dali Airport (DLU) is a domestic airport about 13 km (8.1 mi) east of Xiaguan on Weishan or Airport Rd. Taxis run about 60 RMB to Xiaguan or 90 RMB to the outdated town.[citation needed] It products and services (as of 2014) Kunming (20 min), Xishuangbanna (25 min), Chongqing (70 min), Chengdu (80 min), Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Guiyuan.

    Street
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) is related to Kunming and details east by the Hangrui Expressway (G56), which also operates west to Ruili on the Burmese border. The Dali Expressway (G56₁₁) is a spur connecting it with Lijiang. The road to the previous city is China Nationwide Freeway 214, which connects to the expresseway to Lijiang north of the lake. It also operates south from Xiaguan to Menghai close to the Burmese border.

    Very long-distance busses operate from the previous town’s west gate to Kunming (about 4½ hrs), Lijiang, and Shangri-La. Each and every Monday, provider is also accessible to Shaping for its market.

    Prolonged-length busses run from Xiaguan’s stations on Jianshe Highway.

    RAIL
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) has rail connections with each day services to Kunming via the Guangtong-Dali Railway and Lijiang by using the Dali-Lijiang Railway. Company to Kunming typically consists of 1 coach during the working day and two trains functioning overnight, with sleeper autos. As the railway network expands in Yunnan, prepare assistance will develop into readily available to Shangri-La County and Ruili.

    Local weather
    Its small latitude tempered by its large elevation, Dali has a delicate subtropical highland weather (Köppen Cwb) with short, moderate, dry winters and warm, wet summers. Frost may possibly come about in wintertime but the days nevertheless normally warm up to 15 °C or a lot more. In the course of summer months, a greater part of the times capabilities some rainfall and daytime temperatures increase to 24 °C. A wonderful the vast majority of the year’s rainfall takes place from June to Oct. December 2013 was particularly marked for its higher snowfall.

    WIKIPEDIA

    Posted by Manfred Sommer (330 Million Views) on 2014-06-29 18:01:47

    Tagged: , China , Yunnan , Dali , asienman-images

    #home furnishings #Do-it-yourself #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wooden planer, high-quality woodworking, wooden chairs, wooden doing work instruments, well known woodworking, woodworking publications, woodworking workbench options

  • China – Dali – Restaurant –  Dinner – 4

    China – Dali – Restaurant – Dinner – 4

    China - Dali - Restaurant -  Dinner - 4

    . . . and the end result: scrumptious foodstuff!
    _________________________

    Dali City, formerly regarded as Tali, is the county-degree seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan,

    Very similar to Carlisle in England, Dali Metropolis is not a single town but a county-sized location known as a town for administrative needs. Transportation to “Dali” ordinarily comes at the modern industrial metropolis identified as Dali but domestically distinguished by its previous identify Xiaguan. Tourists to and dialogue of “Dali”, having said that, commonly refers to the outdated town situated about an hour absent. The aged city is one particular of the most well known vacationer places in Yunnan, acknowledged for its normal scenery, historic and cultural heritage, and vivid nightlife.

    History
    The Dali area was formerly identified as Jumie (苴咩, Jūmiē). The old town was the medieval cash of both equally the Bai kingdom Nanzhao (fl. 8th and 9th generations) and the Kingdom of Dali (937–1253). That metropolis was razed and its information burnt during its conquest by China’s Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The current aged town was arranged in the late 14th century under the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The place became appreciably Muslim (Hui) underneath the Yuan and Ming and was the heart of the Panthay Riot versus the Qing from 1856–1863. It was seriously ruined all through a large earthquake in 1925.

    Rail and then air transport have permitted the place (significantly Dali Outdated City) to develop into accessible to vacationers in the 20th century. It is now one particular of China’s official tourist towns and, along with nearby Lijiang, a single of the most well-liked. To maintain the attractiveness of the outdated town, industrial progress is limited to parts this kind of as Xiaguan though building codes mandate new design the old city and surrounding countryside have to conform to the common Chinese model, with tiled roofs and brick, plaster, or white-washed partitions.

    GEOGRAPHY
    Dali City is northwest of the provincial funds, Kunming: about 40 minutes by air or 7 hrs by practice.

    Dali is situated on a fertile plateau between the Cangshan Array to the west and Erhai lake to the east. It has traditionally been settled by the Bai and Yi minorities. It is also the money of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.

    Web-sites OF Interest
    Dali is one particular of Yunnan’s most well known tourist locations. Sights incorporate:

    – Dali museum
    – Chong Sheng Temple
    – Guanyin Palace of Copper Rain (rebuilt in 1999)
    – Jianji Good Bell of Nanzhao (recast in 1997)
    – 3 Pagodas
    – Butterfly Spring
    – Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils film metropolis
    Xizhou: a historical city famed for its architecture and woodwork
    – Shaxi: a historic city in Jianchuan County on the historical tea route
    – Shuang lang: on the reverse facet of the lake, once a tiny fishing village, now a alternatively substantial-course tourist place, most properties and corporations owning overtaken the village due to the fact 2012. The coastline is now absolutely constructed up by tourism estates.

    Economic climate
    A great deal of the neighborhood economy now centers all-around tourism and expert services catering to tourists.

    Historically, Dali was in a position to regulate some of the trade in between India and China and independently famed for the woodworkers of Xizhou (喜州, Xǐzhōu) and for its large-top quality marble, utilised both equally for construction and attractive objects. It was so popular in the latter that the fashionable Chinese term for marble is pretty much “Dali stone” (大理石, dàlǐshí).

    There is also area tea

    TRANSPORTATION
    Neighborhood TRANSPORTATION
    Regional transport incorporates busses, taxis, bicycles, and boats on Erhai Lake. Community busses 4 & 8 supply support from Xiaguan to the aged town (1 hr).

    AIR
    Dali Airport (DLU) is a domestic airport about 13 km (8.1 mi) east of Xiaguan on Weishan or Airport Rd. Taxis operate about 60 RMB to Xiaguan or 90 RMB to the old town.[citation needed] It providers (as of 2014) Kunming (20 min), Xishuangbanna (25 min), Chongqing (70 min), Chengdu (80 min), Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Guiyuan.

    Highway
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) is connected to Kunming and details east by the Hangrui Expressway (G56), which also operates west to Ruili on the Burmese border. The Dali Expressway (G56₁₁) is a spur connecting it with Lijiang. The street to the outdated town is China Countrywide Freeway 214, which connects to the expresseway to Lijiang north of the lake. It also operates south from Xiaguan to Menghai near the Burmese border.

    Lengthy-distance busses run from the old town’s west gate to Kunming (about 4½ hrs), Lijiang, and Shangri-La. Each individual Monday, support is also readily available to Shaping for its current market.

    Extended-distance busses operate from Xiaguan’s stations on Jianshe Street.

    RAIL
    Dali (i.e., Xiaguan) has rail connections with daily service to Kunming by means of the Guangtong-Dali Railway and Lijiang by using the Dali-Lijiang Railway. Provider to Kunming typically consists of one teach through the working day and two trains working overnight, with sleeper autos. As the railway community expands in Yunnan, educate support will become readily available to Shangri-La County and Ruili.

    Weather
    Its minimal latitude tempered by its higher elevation, Dali has a moderate subtropical highland local climate (Köppen Cwb) with limited, moderate, dry winters and warm, rainy summers. Frost may well arise in winter but the days nevertheless normally heat up to 15 °C or additional. All through summer months, a greater part of the times features some rainfall and daytime temperatures rise to 24 °C. A great majority of the year’s rainfall takes place from June to October. December 2013 was particularly marked for its large snowfall.

    WIKIPEDIA

    Posted by Manfred Sommer (330 Million Views) on 2017-07-04 15:26:34

    Tagged: , China , Yunnan , Dali , Cafe , Meal , asienman-images

    #household furniture #Diy #woodwork #woodworking #freedownload#woodworkingprojects #woodsmith ,wood craft, wooden planer, wonderful woodworking, wood chairs, wooden performing applications, well-known woodworking, woodworking guides, woodworking workbench options