Frequent Kingfisher (A. a. bengalensis)
The frequent kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also known as the Eurasian kingfisher, and river kingfisher, is a smaller kingfisher with seven subspecies acknowledged in just its huge distribution throughout Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in considerably of its vary, but migrates from regions where rivers freeze in wintertime.
This sparrow-sized chook has the normal quick-tailed, massive-headed kingfisher profile it has blue upperparts, orange underparts and a lengthy invoice. It feeds largely on fish, caught by diving, and has distinctive visible variations to help it to see prey less than drinking water. The shiny white eggs are laid in a nest at the stop of a burrow in a riverbank.
This species has the normal short-tailed, dumpy-bodied massive-headed and prolonged-billed kingfisher shape. The grownup male of the western European subspecies, A. a. ispida has green-blue upperparts with pale azure-blue back again and rump, a rufous patch by the invoice base, and a rufous ear-patch. It has a inexperienced-blue neck stripe, white neck blaze and throat, rufous underparts, and a black invoice with some crimson at the foundation. The legs and toes are vivid crimson. It is about 16 centimetres (6.3 in) prolonged with a wingspan of 25 cm (9.8 in), and weighs 34–46 grams (1.2–1.6 oz).
The woman is identical in physical appearance to the male other than that her reduce mandible is orange-crimson with a black tip. The juvenile is equivalent to the grownup, but with duller and greener upperparts and paler underparts. Its monthly bill is black, and the legs are also at first black. Feathers are moulted step by step among July and November with the most important flight feathers having 90–100 days to moult and regrow. Some that moult late may perhaps suspend their moult all through chilly wintertime climate.
The flight of the kingfisher is rapidly, direct and usually minimal over water. The brief rounded wings whirr fast, and a bird flying absent exhibits an electric-blue “flash” down its back again.
In North Africa, Europe and Asia north of the Himalayas this is the only tiny blue kingfisher. In south and southeast Asia it can be perplexed with six other compact blue-and-rufous kingfishers, but the rufous ear patches distinguish it from all but juvenile blue-eared kingfisher specifics of the head pattern may be essential to differentiate the two species the place equally occur.
The typical kingfisher has no song. The flight get in touch with is a shorter sharp whistle, chee, recurring two or three times. Anxious birds emit a severe, shrit-it-it and nestlings connect with for foods with a churring sound.
There are 7 subspecies differing in the hue of the upperparts and the depth of the rufous colour of the underparts sizing may differ across the subspecies by up to 10%. The races resident south of the Wallace Line have the bluest upperparts and partly blue ear-patches.
A. a. ispida Linnaeus, 1758. Breeds from Ireland, Spain and southern Norway to Romania and western Russia and winters south to Iraq and southern Portugal.
A. a. atthis (Linnaeus, 1758). Breeds from northwestern Africa and southern Italy east to Afghanistan, Kashmir region, northern Xinjiang, and Siberia it is a winter season customer south to Israel, northeastern Sudan, Yemen, Oman and Pakistan. Compared to A. a. ispida, it has a greener crown, paler underparts and is somewhat greater.
A. a. bengalensis Gmelin, 1788. Breeds in southern and jap Asia from India to Indonesia, China, Korea, Japan and eastern Mongolia winters south to Indonesia and the Philippines. It is scaled-down and brighter than the European races.
A. a. taprobana Kleinschmidt, 1894. Resident breeder in Sri Lanka and southern India. Its upperparts are brilliant blue, not inexperienced-blue it is the exact measurement as A. a. bengalensis.
A. a. floresiana Sharpe, 1892. Resident breeder from Bali to Timor. Like A. a. taprobana, but the blues are darker and the ear-patch is rufous with a couple of blue feathers.
A. a. hispidoides Lesson 1837. Resident breeder from Sulawesi to New Guinea and the islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Plumage colours are further than in A. a. floresiana, the blue on the hind neck and rump is purple-tinged and the ear-patch is blue.
A. a. solomonensis Rothschild and Hartert 1905. Resident breeder in the Solomon Islands east to San Cristobal. The most significant southeast Asian subspecies, it has a blue ear-patch and is a lot more purple-tinged than A. a. hispidoides, with which it interbreeds.
The common kingfisher is greatly distributed around Europe, Asia, and North Africa, predominantly south of 60°N. It is a popular breeding species in excess of a great deal of its extensive Eurasian vary, but in North Africa it is mostly a winter visitor, although it is a scarce breeding resident in coastal Morocco and Tunisia. In temperate regions, this kingfisher inhabits apparent, gradual-flowing streams and rivers, and lakes with nicely-vegetated banks. It frequents scrubs and bushes with overhanging branches shut to shallow open drinking water in which it hunts. In winter it is additional coastal, typically feeding in estuaries or harbours and alongside rocky seashores. Tropical populations are identified by slow-flowing rivers, in mangrove creeks and in swamps.
Popular kingfishers are important associates of ecosystems and good indicators of freshwater group overall health. The best densities of breeding birds are located in habitats with obvious h2o, which permits ideal prey visibility, and trees or shrubs on the banks. These habitats have also the best quality of drinking water, so the existence of this chook confirms the typical of the h2o. Actions to increase drinking water movement can disrupt this habitat, and in distinct, the substitute of organic banking companies by synthetic confinement tremendously lessens the populations of fish, amphibians and aquatic reptiles, and waterside birds are dropped. It can tolerate a selected diploma of urbanisation, supplied the water remains clean up.
This species is resident in locations in which the weather is delicate calendar year-spherical, but need to migrate just after breeding from locations with extended freezing situations in winter season. Most birds winter in just the southern sections of the breeding array, but lesser numbers cross the Mediterranean into Africa or journey about the mountains of Malaysia into Southeast Asia. Kingfishers migrate predominantly at night time, and some Siberian breeders have to journey at the very least 3,000 km (1,900 mi) in between the breeding sites and the wintering areas.
This species has a large vary, with an estimated world-wide extent of prevalence of 10 million sq. kilometres (3.8 million square miles). It has a substantial inhabitants, together with an approximated 160,000–320,000 people in Europe on your own. International populace tendencies have not been quantified, but populations surface to be secure so the species is not believed to solution the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Crimson Record (i.e., declining additional than 30% in ten a long time or a few generations). For these factors, the species is evaluated as “minimum concern”.
Posted by siddharthx on 2018-02-10 11:26:59
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