Christ Church Greyfriars, also recognised as Christ Church Newgate Road,[1] was a church in Newgate Road, opposite St Paul’s Cathedral in the Town of London. Set up as a monastic church in the thirteenth century, it became a parish church soon after the dissolution of the monastery. Pursuing its destruction in the Good Fire of London of 1666, it was rebuilt to the patterns of Sir Christopher Wren. Other than for the tower, the church was mainly wrecked by bombing all through the 2nd Earth War. The ruins are now a community garden.
Gothic church
Christ Church Greyfriars had its origins in the conventual church of a Franciscan monastery, the identify “Greyfriars” staying a reference to the grey habits worn by Franciscan monks. The to start with church on the internet site was crafted in the thirteenth century, but this was shortly changed by a more substantial making, started in 1306 and consecrated in 1326 [2] This new church was the 2nd major in medieval London, measuring 300 feet (91 m) extensive and 89 ft (27 m) large,[3] with at least eleven altars. It was created partly at the cost of Marguerite of France, second spouse of King Edward I.[2] She was buried at the church, as was Isabella, widow of Edward II. The heart of Eleanor of Provence, spouse of Henry III, was also interred there.
Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London established a library in relationship with the church in 1429.[2]
The monastery was dissolved in 1538 for the duration of the English Reformation. The making and fittings suffered large problems in this period of time. Tombs disappeared, sold for their marble and other worthwhile materials monuments were defaced.[4] In 1546 Henry VIII gave the priory and its church, together with the churches of St Nicholas Shambles and St Ewin, Newgate Market, to the Metropolis Company. A new parish of Christ Church was developed, incorporating individuals of St Nicholas and St Ewin, and portion of that of St Sepulchre,.[2] The priory structures afterwards housed Christ’s Medical center university, established by Edward VI,[2] and the church turned its pupils’ principal place of worship.
Wren’s church
The medieval church was wrecked by the Terrific Fire of London in 1666. Reconstruction was assigned to Wren, who oversaw a decades long-programme that rebuilt St. Paul’s Cathedral and approximately 50 parish church buildings in the hearth zone. There appears to have been some discussion about the type the new Christ Church need to take. A surviving unused style and design shows a framework substantially larger sized than what was ultimately built.
The parish was united with that of St Leonard, Foster Lane, which was not rebuilt[2]
Parishioners elevated £1,000 to commence do the job on the style and design that in the stop was selected. To preserve time and funds, the foundations of the gothic church were being partly reused. The new church and tower (without steeple) were being concluded in 1687, at a full price tag of £11,778 9s. shillings 7¼d.[5] Smaller sized than the gothic composition, the building measured 114 feet (35 m) extensive and 81 toes (25 m) vast, occupying only the eastern conclude of the web page of the medieval church, the western element turning into its churchyard.[2]
The tower, soaring from the west conclude of the church, had a easy round-arched major entranceway and, earlier mentioned, windows adorned with neoclassical pediments. Significant carved pineapples, symbols of welcome, graced the 4 roof corners of the major church construction. Exclusive amongst the Wren churches, the east and west walls had buttresses.
The interior was divided into nave and aisles by Corinthian columns, lifted on tall plinths so that their bases have been level with the gallery flooring. The aisles had flat ceilings, although the nave experienced a shallow cross-vault.[2][6] The north and south walls had big spherical-arched home windows of apparent glass, which allowed for a brightly lit interior. The east conclusion had trinity home windows, a massive wooden altar display and a carved hexagonal pulpit, arrived at by stairs. There was elaborate carved wainscoting. A pavement of reddish brown and grey marble to the west of the altar rails was mentioned to day from the first gothic church. Galleries stood in excess of the north and south aisles, created at distinctive request of the officers of Christ’s Healthcare facility as seating for the school’s learners. Pews were claimed to have been created from the timbers of a wrecked Spanish galleon. The organ, on the west wall in excess of the major nave doorway, was created by Renatus Harris in 1690, according to a pre-war information to the church.
The steeple, standing about 160 ft (49 m) tall, was finished in 1704 at an supplemental expense of £1,963, 8s. 3½ d.[5] It has a few diminishing storeys, sq. in prepare, the center a single with a freestanding Ionic colonnade.[7]
About the study course of the church’s existence, considerable modifications have been made. In 1760, a vestry residence was built from the facade’s south aspect and element of the church’s south wall. At some place, rooms were enclosed in the north and south aisles beneath the galleries. Stained glass depicting Jesus with the young children was put in in the centre trinity window to switch the original clear glass.
The church functioned as an vital centre of Metropolis of London society and tunes. The Lord Mayor attended an once-a-year provider to hear the Historical Spital Sermon on the 2nd Wednesday just after Easter, placing his ceremonial sword in a specific holder. Felix Mendelssohn performed Bach’s A slight fugue and other functions on the organ in 1837. Samuel Wesley also performed at the church.
The Christ’s Hospital boys continued to attend services, sitting down in the galleries. In accordance to the pre-war guide ebook to the church, they integrated the youthful Samuel Coleridge and Charles Lamb. Sixth Kind boys tasked with keeping get sat in exclusive seats positioned in excess of all those of the younger college students. A several boys carved initials in the woodwork.
Drop of the congregation
All-around the turn of the 20th century, Christ’s Clinic moved out of the Metropolis to Horsham, West Sussex, ending the Sunday inflow of its schoolboys. A new vicar, T.R. Hine-Haycock, took above in 1912. A July 1922 Christ Church e-newsletter preserved at Guildhall Library shows that at that time it experienced an 8:30 a.m. Holy Communion services every Sunday, and musical companies at 11 a.m. each individual very first and third Sunday. The church was open daily for private prayer from midday to 3 p.m. In its closing several years, the congregation continued to drop in dimensions, a widespread development for Town church buildings as men and women relocated to suburban neighbourhoods of London. Parish data at the Guildhall Library display there were being 112 associates in April 1933, primarily citizens of spots exterior the parish boundaries. Several of those who designed their households in the parish had been “housekeepers”, folks who lived in and looked right after industrial buildings. In April 1937, the membership experienced dropped to 77.
Destruction
The church was seriously broken in the Blitz on 29 December 1940. All through one of the 2nd Globe War’s fiercest air raids on London, a firebomb struck the roof and tore into the nave.[8] Much of the surrounding neighbourhood was also set alight—a full of eight Wren church buildings burned that night. At Christ Church, the only fitting recognized to have been saved was the go over of the finely carved picket font, recovered by an unidentified postman who ran within as the flames raged. The roof and vaulting collapsed into the nave the tower and four key partitions, produced of stone, remained standing but were smoke-scarred and gravely weakened. A photograph taken the subsequent working day exhibits two firemen hosing down smouldering rubble in the nave.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church_Greyfriars
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