Typical Kingfisher (A. a. bengalensis)
The popular kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also identified as the Eurasian kingfisher, and river kingfisher, is a tiny kingfisher with 7 subspecies identified in just its broad distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in a great deal of its selection, but migrates from areas in which rivers freeze in winter.
This sparrow-sized chook has the usual shorter-tailed, huge-headed kingfisher profile it has blue upperparts, orange underparts and a very long bill. It feeds mostly on fish, caught by diving, and has specific visual adaptations to permit it to see prey less than water. The shiny white eggs are laid in a nest at the conclusion of a burrow in a riverbank.
This species has the regular limited-tailed, dumpy-bodied substantial-headed and long-billed kingfisher form. The adult male of the western European subspecies, A. a. ispida has eco-friendly-blue upperparts with pale azure-blue back and rump, a rufous patch by the monthly bill base, and a rufous ear-patch. It has a green-blue neck stripe, white neck blaze and throat, rufous underparts, and a black monthly bill with some purple at the base. The legs and feet are brilliant crimson. It is about 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long with a wingspan of 25 cm (9.8 in), and weighs 34–46 grams (1.2–1.6 oz).
The feminine is similar in physical appearance to the male other than that her decreased mandible is orange-red with a black idea. The juvenile is comparable to the grownup, but with duller and greener upperparts and paler underparts. Its invoice is black, and the legs are also to begin with black. Feathers are moulted progressively between July and November with the most important flight feathers having 90–100 times to moult and regrow. Some that moult late may suspend their moult in the course of cold wintertime weather.
The flight of the kingfisher is rapidly, immediate and generally reduced about water. The limited rounded wings whirr fast, and a fowl flying absent reveals an electric powered-blue “flash” down its again.
In North Africa, Europe and Asia north of the Himalayas this is the only compact blue kingfisher. In south and southeast Asia it can be puzzled with six other compact blue-and-rufous kingfishers, but the rufous ear patches distinguish it from all but juvenile blue-eared kingfisher information of the head sample might be important to differentiate the two species in which both of those occur.
The prevalent kingfisher has no song. The flight get in touch with is a small sharp whistle, chee, recurring two or a few instances. Nervous birds emit a harsh, shrit-it-it and nestlings phone for food stuff with a churring sound.
There are 7 subspecies differing in the hue of the upperparts and the depth of the rufous colour of the underparts size varies throughout the subspecies by up to 10%. The races resident south of the Wallace Line have the bluest upperparts and partly blue ear-patches.
A. a. ispida Linnaeus, 1758. Breeds from Eire, Spain and southern Norway to Romania and western Russia and winters south to Iraq and southern Portugal.
A. a. atthis (Linnaeus, 1758). Breeds from northwestern Africa and southern Italy east to Afghanistan, Kashmir area, northern Xinjiang, and Siberia it is a winter season customer south to Israel, northeastern Sudan, Yemen, Oman and Pakistan. Compared to A. a. ispida, it has a greener crown, paler underparts and is slightly greater.
A. a. bengalensis Gmelin, 1788. Breeds in southern and jap Asia from India to Indonesia, China, Korea, Japan and jap Mongolia winters south to Indonesia and the Philippines. It is more compact and brighter than the European races.
A. a. taprobana Kleinschmidt, 1894. Resident breeder in Sri Lanka and southern India. Its upperparts are vibrant blue, not inexperienced-blue it is the very same measurement as A. a. bengalensis.
A. a. floresiana Sharpe, 1892. Resident breeder from Bali to Timor. Like A. a. taprobana, but the blues are darker and the ear-patch is rufous with a several blue feathers.
A. a. hispidoides Lesson 1837. Resident breeder from Sulawesi to New Guinea and the islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Plumage colours are deeper than in A. a. floresiana, the blue on the hind neck and rump is purple-tinged and the ear-patch is blue.
A. a. solomonensis Rothschild and Hartert 1905. Resident breeder in the Solomon Islands east to San Cristobal. The premier southeast Asian subspecies, it has a blue ear-patch and is much more purple-tinged than A. a. hispidoides, with which it interbreeds.
The frequent kingfisher is broadly distributed around Europe, Asia, and North Africa, mainly south of 60°N. It is a prevalent breeding species about considerably of its extensive Eurasian range, but in North Africa it is generally a winter season visitor, though it is a scarce breeding resident in coastal Morocco and Tunisia. In temperate areas, this kingfisher inhabits crystal clear, gradual-flowing streams and rivers, and lakes with nicely-vegetated banks. It frequents scrubs and bushes with overhanging branches near to shallow open up water in which it hunts. In wintertime it is extra coastal, normally feeding in estuaries or harbours and together rocky seashores. Tropical populations are found by slow-flowing rivers, in mangrove creeks and in swamps.
Frequent kingfishers are critical associates of ecosystems and very good indicators of freshwater group health. The highest densities of breeding birds are observed in habitats with distinct h2o, which permits ideal prey visibility, and trees or shrubs on the financial institutions. These habitats have also the maximum excellent of h2o, so the existence of this bird confirms the regular of the drinking water. Steps to boost water circulation can disrupt this habitat, and in particular, the substitution of normal banking companies by artificial confinement tremendously minimizes the populations of fish, amphibians and aquatic reptiles, and waterside birds are misplaced. It can tolerate a particular diploma of urbanisation, provided the h2o stays clean.
This species is resident in areas in which the local weather is gentle yr-spherical, but have to migrate soon after breeding from locations with prolonged freezing situations in winter season. Most birds wintertime inside of the southern pieces of the breeding assortment, but smaller figures cross the Mediterranean into Africa or vacation over the mountains of Malaysia into Southeast Asia. Kingfishers migrate largely at evening, and some Siberian breeders should journey at least 3,000 km (1,900 mi) concerning the breeding web sites and the wintering places.
This species has a substantial variety, with an believed world-wide extent of occurrence of 10 million sq. kilometres (3.8 million square miles). It has a large populace, like an believed 160,000–320,000 people in Europe by yourself. World-wide population traits have not been quantified, but populations show up to be steady so the species is not thought to technique the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red Checklist (i.e., declining additional than 30% in ten decades or a few generations). For these causes, the species is evaluated as “minimum concern”.
Posted by siddharthx on 2018-02-10 11:26:56
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